Effects of Natural Antioxidant Agents on the Bitumen Aging Process: An EPR and Rheological Investigation
Abstract
:Featured Application
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.2. Bitumen Separation
2.3. Aging Test
2.4. Dynamic Shear Rheology (DSR)
2.5. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Mechanical Behavior
3.2. EPR Spectroscopy Investigation
3.2.1. The g-Factor
3.2.2. The Spin Density
3.2.3. Linewidth and Lineshape
3.2.4. Saturation Curves
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Asphaltene (% w/w) | |
---|---|---|
Unaged | Aged | |
CTRL | 26.8 | 34.2 |
Bitumen + LCS | 29.2 | 32.8 |
Bitumen + VC | 28.2 | 35.3 |
Bitumen + RH | 29.5 | 35.7 |
Sample | Organic Radical Density Ns in 1017 Spins∙g−1 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Asphaltene | Maltene | |||
Unaged | Aged | Unaged | Aged | |
CTRL | 35.9 | 49.8 | 2.27 | 2.68 |
Bitumen + LCS | 30.5 | 30.5 (39%) | 1.92 | 1.27 (53%) |
Bitumen + VC | 35.2 | 32.0 (36%) | 1.79 | 1.36 (49%) |
Bitumen + RH | 38.0 | 32.9 (34%) | 1.96 | 2.23 (17%) |
Sample | Asphaltene | Maltene | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hpp (G) | R5 | Hpp (G) | R5 | |||||
Unaged | Aged | Unaged | Aged | Unaged | Aged | Unaged | Aged | |
CTRL | 6.2 | 5.8 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
Bitumen + LCS | 5.9 | 5.6 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 1.5 | 1.3 |
Bitumen + VC | 5.9 | 5.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
Bitumen + RH | 5.7 | 5.7 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
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Oliviero Rossi, C.; Caputo, P.; Ashimova, S.; Fabozzi, A.; D’Errico, G.; Angelico, R. Effects of Natural Antioxidant Agents on the Bitumen Aging Process: An EPR and Rheological Investigation. Appl. Sci. 2018, 8, 1405. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081405
Oliviero Rossi C, Caputo P, Ashimova S, Fabozzi A, D’Errico G, Angelico R. Effects of Natural Antioxidant Agents on the Bitumen Aging Process: An EPR and Rheological Investigation. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8(8):1405. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081405
Chicago/Turabian StyleOliviero Rossi, Cesare, Paolino Caputo, Saltanat Ashimova, Antonio Fabozzi, Gerardino D’Errico, and Ruggero Angelico. 2018. "Effects of Natural Antioxidant Agents on the Bitumen Aging Process: An EPR and Rheological Investigation" Applied Sciences 8, no. 8: 1405. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081405
APA StyleOliviero Rossi, C., Caputo, P., Ashimova, S., Fabozzi, A., D’Errico, G., & Angelico, R. (2018). Effects of Natural Antioxidant Agents on the Bitumen Aging Process: An EPR and Rheological Investigation. Applied Sciences, 8(8), 1405. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081405