Physiological Effects of Ergot Alkaloid and Indole-Diterpene Consumption on Sheep under Hot and Thermoneutral Ambient Temperature Conditions
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animal Management
2.2. Experimental Protocol
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Environmental Conditions
3.2. Production Response
3.3. Physiological Response
3.3.1. Overall Experimental Period
3.3.2. Temporal Patterns in Physiological Response
4. Discussion
4.1. Production Response
4.2. Physiological Response
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
PRG | Perennial ryegrass |
PRGT | Perennial ryegrass toxicosis |
DM | Dry matter |
TN | Thermoneutral |
ADG | Average daily gain |
DMD | Dry matter digestibility |
References
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Treatment/Temperature | NilAlk | Alk | Sed 1 | p Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TN | Heat | TN | Heat | Alk 2 | Temp 3 | AlkxTemp | ||
ADG (grams/day) | 83 | 83 | 34 | −34 | 61 | 0.07 | 0.44 | 0.44 |
Faecal water (%) | 59 | 58 | 62 | 57 | 2.9 | 0.64 | 0.15 | 0.31 |
DMD (%) | 57 | 55 | 58 | 58 | 2.2 | 0.17 | 0.58 | 0.46 |
Treatment/Temperature | NilAlk | Alk | Sed 1 | p Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TN | Heat | TN | Heat | Alk 2 | Temp 3 | Week | ||
Rectal temperature (°C) | ||||||||
W1 | 39.55 | 39.95 | 40.12 | 40.33 | 0.11 | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 |
W2 | 39.56 | 39.88 | 39.95 | 40.11 | ||||
Respiration rate (breaths/min) | ||||||||
W1 | 77 | 132 | 135 | 174 | 11.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.77 |
W2 | 77 | 134 | 119 | 184 | ||||
Back skin temperature (°C) | ||||||||
W1 | 38.40 | 39.05 | 38.82 | 39.31 | 0.13 | 0.004 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
W2 | 38.32 | 39.01 | 38.63 | 39.17 | ||||
Leg skin temperature (°C) | ||||||||
W1 | 38.19 | 38.98 | 38.66 | 39.18 | 0.12 | 0.008 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
W2 | 38.09 | 38.87 | 38.27 | 38.95 |
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Henry, M.L.E.; Kemp, S.; Dunshea, F.R.; Leury, B.J. Physiological Effects of Ergot Alkaloid and Indole-Diterpene Consumption on Sheep under Hot and Thermoneutral Ambient Temperature Conditions. Animals 2016, 6, 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani6060037
Henry MLE, Kemp S, Dunshea FR, Leury BJ. Physiological Effects of Ergot Alkaloid and Indole-Diterpene Consumption on Sheep under Hot and Thermoneutral Ambient Temperature Conditions. Animals. 2016; 6(6):37. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani6060037
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenry, Michelle L. E., Stuart Kemp, Frank R. Dunshea, and Brian J. Leury. 2016. "Physiological Effects of Ergot Alkaloid and Indole-Diterpene Consumption on Sheep under Hot and Thermoneutral Ambient Temperature Conditions" Animals 6, no. 6: 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani6060037