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J. Pers. Med. 2012, 2(3), 119-137; doi:10.3390/jpm2030119

Article

Field of Genes: An Investigation of Sports-Related Genetic Testing

Jennifer K. Wagner ^1,*  and Charmaine D. Royal ²

¹ Center for the Integration of Genetic Healthcare Technologies, University of Pennsylvania, 1112 Penn Tower, 399 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA ² Duke Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, 304 Research Drive, Box 90141, Durham, NC 27708, USA

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 30 July 2012; in revised form: 22 August 2012 / Accepted: 28 August 2012 / Published: 12 September 2012

Download PDF Full-Text [829 KB, uploaded 12 September 2012 12:31 CEST]

Abstract: Sports-related genetic testing is a sector of the diverse direct-to-consumer (DTC) industry that has not yet been examined thoroughly by academic scholars. A systematic search was used to identify companies in this sector and content analysis of online information was performed. More than a dozen companies were identified. Marketing practices observed generally did not target parents for child testing, and marketing images were mild compared to images used in popular media. Information was provided at a high reading level (industry-wide Flesh-Kincaid Grade Levels > 11). While ~75% of companies provide privacy policies and terms of service prior to purchase and ~40% provide scientific citations for their tests.

Keywords: sports; athletics; genetic tests; ELSI; direct-to-consumer

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