Study on Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Potential of Bulgarian Rosa damascena Mill. and Rosa alba L. Hydrosols—In Vivo and In Vitro
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of R. alba L. and R. damascena Mill. Hydrosols
2.2. Chemicals
2.3. Test Systems and Experimental Design
2.3.1. Plant Test System In Vivo
2.3.2. Animal Test System In Vivo
2.3.3. Human lymphocytes In Vitro
2.4. Cytogenetic Endpoints
2.4.1. Endpoints for Cytotoxicity
Mitotic Index (MI)
PCE/(PCE+NCE) and Nuclear Division Index (NDI)
2.4.2. Endpoints for Genotoxicity
Induction of Chromosome Aberrations (CA)
Induction of Micronuclei (MN)
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cytotoxic Effects of Rosa alba L. and Rosa damascena Mill. Hydrosols
3.1.1. Mitotic Index (MI)
3.1.2. PCE/(PCE+NCE)
3.1.3. Nuclear Division Index (NDI)
3.2. Genotoxic Effects of the Rose Hydrosols
3.2.1. Induction of Chromosome Aberrations
3.2.2. Induction of Micronuclei
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gerasimova, T.; Jovtchev, G.; Gateva, S.; Topashka-Ancheva, M.; Stankov, A.; Angelova, T.; Dobreva, A.; Mileva, M. Study on Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Potential of Bulgarian Rosa damascena Mill. and Rosa alba L. Hydrosols—In Vivo and In Vitro. Life 2022, 12, 1452. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12091452
Gerasimova T, Jovtchev G, Gateva S, Topashka-Ancheva M, Stankov A, Angelova T, Dobreva A, Mileva M. Study on Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Potential of Bulgarian Rosa damascena Mill. and Rosa alba L. Hydrosols—In Vivo and In Vitro. Life. 2022; 12(9):1452. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12091452
Chicago/Turabian StyleGerasimova, Tsvetelina, Gabriele Jovtchev, Svetla Gateva, Margarita Topashka-Ancheva, Alexander Stankov, Tsveta Angelova, Ana Dobreva, and Milka Mileva. 2022. "Study on Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Potential of Bulgarian Rosa damascena Mill. and Rosa alba L. Hydrosols—In Vivo and In Vitro" Life 12, no. 9: 1452. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12091452