Wheat Straw as a Bio-Sorbent for Arsenate, Chromate, Fluoride, and Nickel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Characteristics of the Wheat Straw
2.2. Sorption/Desorption Experiments
2.3. Data Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. As(V), Cr(VI), F−, and Ni2+ Sorption as a Function of Concentrations Added
3.2. As(V), Cr(VI), F− and Ni2+ Sorption Curves
3.3. As, Cr, F, and Ni Desorption from Wheat Straw
3.4. Implications of the Research
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C0 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 6.0 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sorption (%) | ||||
As(V) | 0.3 | 8.5 | 0 | 0 |
Cr(VI) | 29.1 | 36.9 | 25.5 | 27.4 |
F− | 93.4 | 68.4 | 54.1 | 52.3 |
Ni2+ | 61.3 | 60.7 | 65.2 | 67.5 |
C0 | As(V) | Cr(VI) | F− | Ni2+ |
---|---|---|---|---|
mmol·L−1 | pH | |||
0.5 | 7.0 (±0.1) | 6.2 (±0.1) | 8.0 (±0.2) | 5.5 (±0.1) |
1.5 | 7.4 (±0.1) | 6.3 (±0.1) | 7.9 (±0.2) | 5.7 (±0.1) |
3 | 7.5 (±0.1) | 6.4 (±0.1) | 7.1 (±0.1) | 5.8 (±0.1) |
6 | 7.6 (±0.2) | 6.6 (±0.1) | 7.1 (±0.1) | 5.9 (±0.1) |
mmol·L−1 | DOC (mg·L−1) | |||
0.5 | 423.2 (±11.5) | 256.4 (±8.3) | 337.8 (±9.2) | 289.5 (±8.7) |
1.5 | 494.3 (±14.2) | 272.3 (±8.7) | 355.4 (±9.4) | 213.6 (±6.8) |
3.0 | 486.0 (±13.8) | 298.3 (±9.1) | 379.9 (±10.1) | 192.2 (±5.9) |
6.0 | 487.6 (±13.6) | 319.3 (±9.4) | 403.3 (±11.6) | 158.6 (±5.1) |
Pollutant | KF (mmol·kg−1) | n | R2 |
---|---|---|---|
As | - | - | - |
Cr | 4.3 ± 0.7 | 0.89 ± 0.13 | 0.978 |
F | 15.1 ± 1.7 | 0.65 ± 0.12 | 0.970 |
Ni | 18.2 ± 0.3 | 1.19 ± 0.03 | 0.999 |
C0 | As | Cr | F | Ni |
---|---|---|---|---|
mmol·L−1 | Desorption | |||
0.5 | 0.17 (1.74) | 0.14 (1.39) | 0.23 (2.24) | 0.10 (0.99) |
1.5 | 0.60 (5.99) | 0.46 (4.59) | 0.55 (5.40) | 0.28 (2.81) |
3.0 | - | 0.92 (9.19) | 1.58 (15.65) | 0.53 (5.31) |
6.0 | - | 2.29 (22.76) | 3.51 (34.67) | 1.06 (10.51) |
C0 | As | Cr | F | Ni |
---|---|---|---|---|
mmol·L−1 | pH | |||
0.5 | 6.24 (±0.1) | 5.74 (±0.1) | 5.45 (±0.1) | 5.51 (±0.1) |
1.5 | 6.14 (±0.1) | 5.77 (±0.1) | 5.54 (±0.1) | 5.65 (±0.1) |
3.0 | - | 6.16 (±0.1) | 5.6 (±0.1)0 | 5.50 (±0.1) |
6.0 | - | 6.35 (±0.1) | 6.19 (±0.2) | 5.8 (±0.1) |
C0 | As | Cr | F | Ni |
mmol·L−1 | DOC (mg·L−1) | |||
0.5 | 194.7 (±8.4) | 108.5 (±4.1) | 114.7 (±3.8) | 111.2 (±2.7) |
1.5 | 249.2 (±9.6) | 121.0 (±4.3) | 127.6 (±3.2) | 114.2 (±3.1) |
3.0 | - | 216.3 (±6.9) | 135.0 (±4.2) | 115.5 (±2.9) |
6.0 | - | 249.0 (±6.7) | 168.9 (±4.9) | 80.8 (±1.2) |
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Romar-Gasalla, A.; Coelho, G.F.; Nóvoa-Muñoz, J.C.; Arias-Estévez, M.; Fernández-Sanjurjo, M.J.; Álvarez-Rodríguez, E.; Núñez-Delgado, A. Wheat Straw as a Bio-Sorbent for Arsenate, Chromate, Fluoride, and Nickel. Water 2017, 9, 690. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090690
Romar-Gasalla A, Coelho GF, Nóvoa-Muñoz JC, Arias-Estévez M, Fernández-Sanjurjo MJ, Álvarez-Rodríguez E, Núñez-Delgado A. Wheat Straw as a Bio-Sorbent for Arsenate, Chromate, Fluoride, and Nickel. Water. 2017; 9(9):690. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090690
Chicago/Turabian StyleRomar-Gasalla, Aurora, Gustavo F. Coelho, Juan Carlos Nóvoa-Muñoz, Manuel Arias-Estévez, María J. Fernández-Sanjurjo, Esperanza Álvarez-Rodríguez, and Avelino Núñez-Delgado. 2017. "Wheat Straw as a Bio-Sorbent for Arsenate, Chromate, Fluoride, and Nickel" Water 9, no. 9: 690. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090690