Spatiotemporal Distributions of Sr and Ba along an Estuarine River with a Large Salinity Gradient to the Gulf of Mexico
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Water Sample Collection
2.4. Water Sample Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Hydrology and Ambient Conditions
3.2. Strontium, Ca Concentrations and Sr/Ca Ratio
3.3. Barium Concentration and Ba/Ca Ratio
3.4. Relationships between Concentrations and Ratios of Sr, Ba, and Ca and Environmental Parameters
4. Discussion
4.1. Spatial Variation
4.2. Temporal Variation
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site ID | Latitude | Longitude | River Distance from Gulf (km) |
---|---|---|---|
Site 1 | 30.297 | −93.118 | 87.9 |
Site 2 | 30.299 | −93.188 | 73.5 |
Site 3 | 30.253 | −93.245 | 62.6 |
Site 4 | 30.219 | −93.250 | 58.1 |
Site 5 | 30.006 | −93.334 | 27.0 |
Site 6 | 29.805 | −93.349 | 4.5 |
Site ID | n | Salinity (ppt) | pH | Temperature (°C) | DO (mg/L) | TSS (mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Site 1 | 25 | 0.07 ± 0.18 | 6.30 ± 0.96 | 21.61 ± 7.09 | 5.40 ± 2.52 | 16.36 ± 7.66 |
Site 2 | 25 | 0.40 ± 1.24 | 6.08 ± 1.06 | 21.90 ± 7.45 | 4.78 ± 2.64 | 14.28 ± 13.71 |
Site 3 | 13 | 3.05 ± 5.29 | 6.45 ± 0.64 | 23.01 ± 6.97 | 4.64 ± 2.91 | 16.48 ± 18.43 |
Site 4 | 25 | 5.89 ± 5.67 | 6.59 ± 0.92 | 22.17 ± 7.53 | 5.20 ± 2.69 | 12.37 ± 7.97 |
Site 5 | 24 | 14.15 ± 6.67 | 7.51 ± 0.57 | 22.55 ± 7.67 | 6.75 ± 2.70 | 28.53 ± 23.63 |
Site 6 | 25 | 19.91 ± 5.73 | 8.18 ± 0.64 | 22.89 ± 7.31 | 7.77 ± 2.56 | 54.79 ± 33.78 |
Effects | Salinity | pH | Temperature | DO | TSS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sr | 0.98 | 0.67 | 0.05 | 0.29 | 0.42 |
Ca | 0.83 | 0.53 | 0.02 | 0.25 | 0.47 |
Sr/Ca | 0.58 | 0.48 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.23 |
Ba | −0.05 | 0.02 | 0.33 | −0.42 | −0.17 |
Ba/Ca | −0.69 | −0.63 | −0.12 | −0.17 | −0.24 |
Salinity | 1.00 | 0.70 | 0.07 | 0.27 | 0.37 |
pH | - | 1.00 | 0.34 | 0.04 | 0.26 |
Temperature | - | - | 1.00 | −0.79 | −0.02 |
DO | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.15 |
TSS | - | - | - | - | 1.00 |
Site ID | Sr (µmol/L) | Ca (mmol/L) | Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) | Ba (µmol/L) | Ba/Ca (mmol/mol) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Site 1 | 0.35 ± 0.31 | 0.13 ± 0.17 | 2.89 ± 0.80 | 0.46 ± 0.11 | 4.82 ± 1.75 |
Site 2 | 0.77 ± 1.42 | 0.23 ± 0.53 | 3.49 ± 1.51 | 0.42 ± 0.09 | 3.94 ± 1.74 |
Site 3 | 5.13 ± 5.72 | 0.68 ± 0.67 | 6.06 ± 1.93 | 0.41 ± 0.11 | 2.10 ± 1.93 |
Site 4 | 9.91 ± 9.58 | 1.10 ± 1.24 | 8.11 ± 3.38 | 0.43 ± 0.11 | 1.22 ± 1.41 |
Site 5 | 30.85 ± 15.24 | 4.66 ± 4.56 | 8.67 ± 6.01 | 0.47 ± 0.09 | 0.30 ± 0.49 |
Site 6 | 46.21 ± 14.94 | 8.19 ± 9.89 | 8.41 ± 5.07 | 0.36 ± 0.07 | 0.09 ± 0.10 |
Effects | Value | Num DF | Den DF | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Site | 0.02 | 25 | 153.81 | 10.76 | <0.0001 |
Month | 0.08 | 55 | 193.37 | 2.49 | <0.0001 |
Site × Month | 0.05 | 240 | 209.57 | 0.73 | 0.9910 |
Effects | Effects | Num DF | Den DF | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sr | Site | 5 | 54 | 76.40 | <0.0001 |
Month | 11 | 54 | 3.14 | 0.0024 | |
Site × Month | 54 | 54 | 0.60 | 0.9701 | |
Ca | Site | 5 | 51 | 22.06 | <0.0001 |
Month | 11 | 51 | 1.81 | 0.0767 | |
Site × Month | 50 | 51 | 0.65 | 0.9374 | |
Sr/Ca | Site | 5 | 51 | 38.42 | <0.0001 |
Month | 11 | 51 | 1.91 | 0.0594 | |
Site × Month | 50 | 51 | 0.79 | 0.8012 | |
Ba | Site | 5 | 42 | 4.83 | 0.0014 |
Month | 11 | 42 | 4.61 | 0.0001 | |
Site × Month | 52 | 42 | 1.00 | 0.5055 | |
Ba/Ca | Site | 5 | 40 | 70.98 | <0.0001 |
Month | 11 | 40 | 7.58 | <0.0001 | |
Site × Month | 47 | 40 | 1.34 | 0.1710 |
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He, S.; Xu, Y.J. Spatiotemporal Distributions of Sr and Ba along an Estuarine River with a Large Salinity Gradient to the Gulf of Mexico. Water 2016, 8, 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8080323
He S, Xu YJ. Spatiotemporal Distributions of Sr and Ba along an Estuarine River with a Large Salinity Gradient to the Gulf of Mexico. Water. 2016; 8(8):323. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8080323
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Songjie, and Y. Jun Xu. 2016. "Spatiotemporal Distributions of Sr and Ba along an Estuarine River with a Large Salinity Gradient to the Gulf of Mexico" Water 8, no. 8: 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8080323