Photocatalytic Degradation of Humic Acid Using Bentonite@Fe3O4@ZnO Magnetic Nanocomposite: An Investigation of the Characterization of the Photocatalyst, Degradation Pathway, and Modeling by Solver Plugin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
2.1. Chemicals and Instruments
2.2. Synthesis of BNTN@Fe3O4@ZnO Magnetic Nanocomposite
2.3. Photocatalytic Tests
2.4. Kinetic Study of HA Degradation
2.5. Reusability Tests
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Study of Material Characterization
3.1.1. XRD Analysis
3.1.2. FTIR Analysis
3.1.3. DRS Analysis
3.1.4. FESEM Analysis
3.1.5. EDX Analysis
3.1.6. VSM Analysis
3.2. Effect of Environmental Variables
3.2.1. Influence of pH
3.2.2. Influence of Photocatalyst Dose
3.2.3. Influence of HA Concentration
3.2.4. Kinetics of HA Degradation
3.2.5. HA Degradation Mechanism
3.2.6. Reusability of BNTN@ Fe3O4@ ZnO
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Molecular Structure | pKa | Molar Mass | Chemical Structure |
---|---|---|---|
C187H186O89N9S1 | <2 | 227.17 g/mol |
Concentration (mg/L) | Equation | Kobs (min−1) | R2 | t1/2 (min) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2 | y = 0.2207x + 0.3849 | 0.2207 | 0.9411 | 3.140009 |
5 | y = 0.0389x + 0.8563 | 0.0389 | 0.9637 | 17.81491 |
10 | y = 0.0380x + 0.4676 | 0.0538 | 0.9811 | 12.88104 |
15 | y = 0.0284x + 0.4211 | 0.0155 | 0.9749 | 44.70968 |
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Hossein Panahi, A.; Al-Musawi, T.J.; Masihpour, M.; Fard, S.F.T.; Nasseh, N. Photocatalytic Degradation of Humic Acid Using Bentonite@Fe3O4@ZnO Magnetic Nanocomposite: An Investigation of the Characterization of the Photocatalyst, Degradation Pathway, and Modeling by Solver Plugin. Water 2023, 15, 2931. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162931
Hossein Panahi A, Al-Musawi TJ, Masihpour M, Fard SFT, Nasseh N. Photocatalytic Degradation of Humic Acid Using Bentonite@Fe3O4@ZnO Magnetic Nanocomposite: An Investigation of the Characterization of the Photocatalyst, Degradation Pathway, and Modeling by Solver Plugin. Water. 2023; 15(16):2931. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162931
Chicago/Turabian StyleHossein Panahi, Ayat, Tariq J. Al-Musawi, Mahdieh Masihpour, Seyedeh Fatemeh Tabatabaei Fard, and Negin Nasseh. 2023. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Humic Acid Using Bentonite@Fe3O4@ZnO Magnetic Nanocomposite: An Investigation of the Characterization of the Photocatalyst, Degradation Pathway, and Modeling by Solver Plugin" Water 15, no. 16: 2931. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162931