Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Alternative Solvents for Catalytic Purposes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Water
2.1. Unsupported BMNPs in Water
2.2. Supported BMNPs in Water
3. Alcohols
3.1. Unsupported BMNPs in Alcohols
3.2. Supported BMNPs in Alcohols
4. Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents
4.1. Ionic Liquids
4.1.1. Synthesis of BMNPs in Ionic Liquids by Co-Decomposition of Metal Precursors
4.1.2. Synthesis of BMNPs in Ionic Liquids by Sequential Process
4.2. Deep Eutectic Solvents
5. Supercritical Fluids
5.1. Synthesis of BMNPs in Supercritical Fluids
5.2. Applications in Catalysis of BMNPs in Supercritical Fluids
6. Outlook
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Entry | BMNPs (Mean Size, nm) | Structure a | Metallic Precursors | Synthetic Procedure | Catalytic Reaction | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | NiPd (2–4) | alloys | NiCl2·6H2O, K2[PdCl4], | co-reduction | C-C cross-couplings | [22,23,24] |
2 | NiFe (10–70) | n.r. | FeSO4·7H2O, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O | co-reduction | dechlorinations | [27] |
3 | PdCu (3–7) | alloys | H2[PdCl4], H2[CuCl4] | co-reduction | p-nitrophenol reduction | [28] |
4 | PdNi (6–20) | alloys | Pd(OAc)2, NiSO4·6H2O | co-reduction | Buchwald-Hartwig aminations | [30] |
5 | PtCu (3) | alloys | H2[PtCl6], Cu(OAc)2 | co-reduction | Rhodamine B degradation | [31] |
6 | AuAg (12) | alloys | H[AuCl4], AgNO3 | co-reduction | nitrophenols reduction | [32] |
7 | AuAg (8) | core(Au)-shell(Ag) | H[AuCl4], AgNO3 | co-reduction | nitrophenols reduction | [32] |
8 | AuPd (80) | n.r. | H[AuCl4], PdCl2 | co-reduction | Suzuki and Heck C-C cross-couplings | [33] |
9 | FePd (25–40) | n.r. | Pd(OAc)2, FeSO4·7H2O | sequential reduction | dechlorination | [34,35,36] |
10 | FeNi (20–100) | n.r. | NiSO4·6H2O, FeSO4·7H2O | sequential reduction | dechlorination | [38] |
11 | AuPd (8) | core(Au)-shell(Pd) | H[AuCl4], H2[PdCl4] | sequential reduction | dechlorination | [39] |
12 | AuPd (4.2) | core(Au)-shell(Pd) | H[AuCl4], K2[PdCl4] | sequential reduction | oxidation of unsaturated alcohols | [41,42] |
13 | CuPd@γ-Al2O3 (6.9) | alloys | Cu(NO3)2, H2[PdCl4] | co-reduction | transfer hydrogenation | [43] |
14 | CuNi@SiO2 (5.7) | alloys | Cu(NO3)2, Ni(NO3)2, | co-reduction | p-nitrophenol reduction | [44] |
15 | FeNi@MMT (30–40) | n.r. | FeSO4·7H2O, NiSO4·6H2O | co-reduction | reductive cyclization of levulinic acid | [45] |
16 | AuPd@GO (37) | alloys | H[AuCl4], PdCl2 | co-reduction | photocatalytic degradation of phenols | [46] |
17 | FePd@DOW® M4195 (3–5) | n.r. | Fe2(SO4)3, PdCl2 | co-reduction | nitrate reduction | [47] |
18 | AgPt@sepiolite (30–50) | core(Ag)-shell(Pt) | AgNO3, H2[PtCl6]·6H2O | sequential reduction | nitrophenols reduction | [48] |
19 | AuPd@amberlite (8) | core(Au)-shell(Pd) | H[AuCl4], H2[PdCl4] | sequential reduction | hydrogenation | [49] |
20 | AuPt@zeolite (4–4.5) | n.r. | H[AuCl4], K2[PtCl4] | sequential reduction | oxidation of glycerol | [50] |
21 | CuPt@C (10–12) | core(Cu)-shell(Pt) | CuSO4, H2[PtCl6] | sequential reduction | oxygen reduction reaction | [51] |
Entry | BMNPs (Mean Size, nm) | Structure | Metallic Precursors | Synthetic Procedure | Catalytic Reaction | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | CuNi (8) | alloys | Ni(OAc)2, Cu(OAc)2 | co-reduction | alkyne-azide cycloaddition | [58] |
2 | PtRu (3.2) | alloys | RuCl3·3H2O, H2[PtCl6]·6H2O | co-reduction | H3N-BH3 hydrolysis | [59] |
3 | FePt (3.2–3.6) | alloys | [Pt(acac)2], Fe(CO)5 | co-reduction | hydrogenations | [60] |
4 | PdCo@3DG (15–25) | alloys | PdCl2, CoCl2 | co-reduction | Sonogashira and Suzuki couplings | [61] |
5 | NiCu@CNTs (25–42) | alloys | Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, Cu(NO3)2·3H2O | co-reduction | CH4 decomposition | [63,64] |
Entry | BMNPs (Mean Size, nm) | Structure | Metallic Precursors | Synthetic Procedure | Catalytic Reaction | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | AuPd (4–5) | core(Au)-shell(Pd) | Au(OAc)3, Pd(OAc)2 | co-reduction | hydrogenations/hydrodehalogenations | [76] |
2 | AuPd (4.6; 3.2) | n.r. | H[AuCl]4 K2[PdCl4] | co-reduction | hydrogenations | [77,78,79] |
3 | PtSn (2–3) | alloy | PtCl2, SnCl2 or Sn(OAc)2 | co-reduction | hydrogenations | [85] |
4 | RuCu (2–3) | core(Ru)-shell(Cu) | [Ru(cod)(cot)] [CuMes] | co-reduction | hydrogenations | [86] |
5 | FeRu (1.65) | n.r. | [Ru3(CO)12] [Fe2(CO)9] | co-decomposition | hydrogenations | [87] |
6 | CuZn (45–50) | alloy | Cu(II) and Zn(II) amidinates | co-reduction | methanol synthesis | [90] |
7 | NiGa (7–29; 12–19) | alloy | Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, Cu(NO3)2·6H2O | co-pyrolysis | hydrogenations | [91] |
8 | AuPd (3.7) | n.r. | K2[PdCl4] H[AuCl]4·4H2O | sequential-reduction | oxidations | [42] |
Entry | BMNPs (Mean Size, nm) | Structure | Metallic Precursors | Synthetic Procedure | Catalytic Reaction | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
scCO2 | ||||||
1 | PdAu@TS-1 (3–8) | alloys | PdCl2, H[AuCl4]·3H2O | co-reduction | olefin epoxidations | [122] |
2 | FeCo@SiO2 (10–20) | alloys (bcc) | Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, Co(NO3)2·6H2O | co-reduction | Fischer–Tropsch | [124,125] |
3 | CoRu@γ-Al2O3 (n.r.) | n.r. | Co(NO3)2, Ru precursor n.r. | calcination | Fischer–Tropsch | [127] |
4 | RuPt@ MWCNTs (2.0–3.6) | hcp and fcc clusters | Pt(acac)2, Ru(acac)3 | co-reduction | combustion | [117] |
5 | CuPt@ MWCNTs (3.5–7.9) | alloys (fcc) | Pt(acac)2, Cu(hfa)2 | co-reduction | combustion | [117] |
6 | AuPt@ MWCNTs (5.6–13) | alloys (fcc) | Pt(acac)2, AuMe2(acac) | co-reduction | combustion | [117] |
7 | PdPt@ MWCNTs (5.9–12.5) | alloys (fcc) | Pt(acac)2, Pd(hfa)2 | co-reduction | combustion | [117] |
8 | NiPt@ MWCNTs (3.1–10.1) | alloys (fcc) | Pt(acac)2, Ni(hfa)2 | co-reduction | combustion | [117] |
9 | Pt-CeOx@Al2O3 (2–4) | core (Pt)-shell (CeOx) | CeCl3·7H2O, Pt(acac)2 | calcination followed by reduction | Water-gas shift | [128] |
10 | RuRh@MCM-41 (2.2–4.6) | hcp and fcc clusters | Ru(acac)3, Rh(acac)3 | co-reduction | arene hydrogenations | [129] |
11 | RuPd@MCM-41 (2.3–3.5) | hcp and fcc clusters | Ru(acac)3, Pd(acac)2 | co-reduction | arene hydrogenation | [129] |
12 | RhPd@MCM-41 (3.2–4.4) | alloys | Rh(acac)3, Pd(acac)2 | co-reduction | arene hydrogenations | [129] |
13 | FeRu (1.3–1.9) | alloys | Fe2(CO)9, [Ru3(CO)12] | co-reduction | olefin hydrogenations | [87] |
14 | PtPd@SBA-15 (4.9–6.1) | alloys | [PtMe2(cod)], [PdCp(allyl)] | co-reduction | ketone hydrogenation | [110] |
15 | PtRu@MWCNTs (1.0–2.5) | alloys | [Ru(cod)(cot)], [PtMe2(cod)] | co-reduction | ketone and olefin hydrogenations | [131] |
16 | PdRu (3.5–4.4) | alloys | Pd(NO3)2, RuCl3 | co-reduction | olefin hydrogenations | [132] |
17 | RhPt@SBA-15 (6.1) | alloys | Rh(acac)3, Pt(acac)2 | co-reduction | arene hydrogenations | [133] |
18 | AuPd (7) | alloys | PdCl2, H[AuCl4]·4H2O | co-reduction | hydrogenatios | [134] |
19 | AuPt (7) | alloys | H2[PtCl6]·6H2O, H[AuCl4]·4H2O | co-reduction | Suzuki-Miyaura C-C cross-couplings | [134] |
20 | PdPt (1.5–2.3) | alloys | K2[PdCl4], K2[PtCl4] | co-reduction | Suzuki-Miyaura C-C cross-couplings | [135] |
21 | Pd Cu2+/alginate aerogel (2–4) | Pd NPs | Na2[PdCl4], CuCl2 | reduction | Suzuki-Miyaura C-C cross-couplings | [136] |
scH2O | ||||||
22 | NiCo@Cblack (28.2–49.6) | alloys | Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, Co(NO3)2·6H2O | co-reduction | gasification of phenol | [62] |
23 | NiZn@Cblack (n.r.) | alloys | Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O | co-reduction | gasification of phenol | [62] |
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Dang-Bao, T.; Pla, D.; Favier, I.; Gómez, M. Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Alternative Solvents for Catalytic Purposes. Catalysts 2017, 7, 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7070207
Dang-Bao T, Pla D, Favier I, Gómez M. Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Alternative Solvents for Catalytic Purposes. Catalysts. 2017; 7(7):207. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7070207
Chicago/Turabian StyleDang-Bao, Trung, Daniel Pla, Isabelle Favier, and Montserrat Gómez. 2017. "Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Alternative Solvents for Catalytic Purposes" Catalysts 7, no. 7: 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7070207