Catalysts 2017, 7(6), 172; doi:10.3390/catal7060172
Imidazoles-Intercalated α-Zirconium Phosphate as Latent Thermal Initiators in the Reaction of Glycidyl Phenyl Ether (GPE) and Hexahydro-4-Methylphthalic Anhydride (MHHPA)
1
Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Ashahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
2
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
3
R & D Group, ThreeBond Co., Ltd., 1-1 Oyama-cho, Midori-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0416, Japan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Monica Pica
Received: 16 February 2017 / Revised: 2 May 2017 / Accepted: 19 May 2017 / Published: 1 June 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zirconium Phosphate Catalysts)
Abstract
The capabilities of imidazoles-intercalated α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP·imidazole): imidazol (α-ZrP·Im), 2-methylimidazole (α-ZrP·2MIm), and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (α-ZrP·2E4MIm) as latent thermal initiators were examined by the copolymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) and hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride (MHHPA) with the imidazoles-intercalated α-zirconium phosphate at varying temperatures for one-hour periods. Polymerization was not observed until the reactants were heated to 100 °C or above. Increasing the temperature, polymerization in the presence of α-ZrP·Im, α-ZrP·2MIm, or α-ZrP·2E4MIm proceeded at 140 °C for 1 h with over 90% conversion. The thermal stabilities of α-ZrP·Im, α-ZrP·2MIm, and α-ZrP·2E4MIm in the reaction at 40 °C for 264 h were tested. With α-ZrP·2MIm, the conversion was less than 15% up to 96 h. In the cases of α-ZrP·Im and α-ZrP·2E4MIm, the conversion reached less than 15% at 264 h. The thermal stabilities of α-ZrP·Im, α-ZrP·2MIm, and α-ZrP·2E4MIm at 40 °C were superior to those of the commercially available thermal latent initiators: HX-3088 and HX-3722. View Full-TextKeywords:
latent thermal initiator; intercalation; α-zirconium phosphate; imidazole; glycidyl phenyl ether
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (CC BY 4.0).
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Shimomura, O.; Tokizane, K.; Nishisako, T.; Yamaguchi, S.; Ichihara, J.; Kirino, M.; Ohtaka, A.; Nomura, R. Imidazoles-Intercalated α-Zirconium Phosphate as Latent Thermal Initiators in the Reaction of Glycidyl Phenyl Ether (GPE) and Hexahydro-4-Methylphthalic Anhydride (MHHPA). Catalysts 2017, 7, 172.
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