Diversity of Pea-Associated F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides Populations Revealed by FUM1 Sequence Analysis and Fumonisin Biosynthesis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
Strain | Species | Host/cultivar/locality | Year | Origin |
KF 3758 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/SOKOLIK/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3759 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TARCHALSKA/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3735 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TURNIA/R | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3736 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TURNIA/R | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3737 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TURNIA/R | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3738 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TURNIA/R | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3731 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TURNIA/R | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3733 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TURNIA/R | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3734 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TURNIA/R | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3763 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/WIATO/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3764 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/WIATO/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3765 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/WIATO/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3661 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EUREKA/R | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3740 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EUREKA/R | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3660 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EUREKA/R | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3766 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EZOP/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3767 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EZOP/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3768 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EZOP/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3769 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EZOP/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3770 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EZOP/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3771 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EZOP/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3772 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EZOP/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3773 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EZOP/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3774 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EZOP/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3775 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EZOP/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3776 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EZOP/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3778 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/TARCHALSKA/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3760 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/TURNIA/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3761 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/TURNIA/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3781 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/TURNIA/W | 2012 | Poland |
KF 3782 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/TURNIA/W | 2012 | Poland |
Strain | Species | Collection strains | Year | Origin |
CBS 513.88 | A. niger | NT_166526.1 | ||
FOXG_03515 | F. oxysporum | |||
FVEG_02381 | F. verticillioides | Z. mays | ||
KF 497 | F. proliferatum | T. aestivum | 1987 | Portugal |
KF 925 | F. proliferatum | Z. mays | 1986 | Poland |
KF 3441 | F. proliferatum | Z. mays | 2006 | Poland |
KF 3654 | F. proliferatum | Z. mays | 2011 | Poland |
KF 3616 | F. proliferatum | A. cepa | 2011 | Poland |
KF 3385 | F. proliferatum | A. comosus | 2009 | Vietnam |
KF 3548 | F. proliferatum | A. comosus | 2011 | Ecuador |
KF 3550 | F. proliferatum | A. comosus | 2011 | Ecuador |
KF 3355 | F. proliferatum | A. officinalis | 2009 | Poland |
KF 3357 | F. proliferatum | A. officinalis | 2009 | Poland |
KF 3362 | F. proliferatum | A. officinalis | 2009 | Poland |
KF 3360 | F. proliferatum | A. officinalis | 2009 | Poland |
KF 3369 | F. proliferatum | A. sativum | 2009 | Poland |
KF 3372 | F. proliferatum | A. sativum | 2009 | Poland |
KF 3503 | F. proliferatum | A. sativum | 2010 | Poland |
KF 3409 | F. proliferatum | Cambria | 2010 | |
KF 422 | F. proliferatum | O. sativa | 1973 | Taiwan |
KF 1329 | F. proliferatum | O. sativa | Japan | |
KF 3584 | F. proliferatum | O. sativa | 2011 | Thailand |
KF 3416 | F. proliferatum | P. dactylifera | 2010 | Tunisia |
KF 3321 | F. temperatum | A. comosus | 2008 | Costa Rica |
KF 3488 | F. verticillioides | Z. mays | 2010 | Poland |
KF 3482 | F. verticillioides | Z. mays | 2010 | Poland |
KF 3483 | F. verticillioides | Z. mays | 2010 | Poland |
KF 3644 | F. verticillioides | Z. mays | 2010 | Poland |
KF 3537 | F. verticillioides | A. comosus | 2010 | Costa Rica |
Sample | FB1 | FB2 | FB3 |
---|---|---|---|
EUREKA_I (W) | 1.12 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
EUREKA _II (W) | 1.34 | 0.07 | 0.02 |
EUREKA _III (W) | 0.79 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
EUREKA _IV (W) | 0.81 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
Mean ± SD | 1.02 ± 0.26 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 |
EUREKA_I (R) | 1.11 | 0.12 | 0.05 |
EUREKA_II (R) | 0.72 | 0,03 | 0.00 |
EUREKA III (R) | 0.45 | 0.12 | 0.08 |
EUREKA_IV (R) | 0.63 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
Mean ± SD | 0.73 ± 0.28 | 0.08 ± 0.05 | 0.04 ± 0.04 |
TURNIA_I (W) | 0.85 | 0.11 | 0.04 |
TURNIA _II (W) | 0.81 | 0.09 | 0.05 |
TURNIA _III (W) | 0.92 | 0.07 | 0.01 |
TURNIA _IV (W) | 0.91 | 0.08 | 0.02 |
Mean ± SD | 0.87 ± 0.05 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.02 |
TURNIA_I (R) | 0.55 | 0.06 | 0.02 |
TURNIA_II (R) | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.01 |
TURNIA_III (R) | 1.27 | 0.14 | 0.08 |
TURNIA_IV (R) | 1.48 | 0.15 | 0.09 |
Mean ± SD | 0.98 ± 0.47 | 0.11 ± 0.05 | 0.05 ± 0.04 |
Strain | Species | Host/cultivar/locality | FB1 | FB2 | FB3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
KF 3779 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/TURNIA/W | 155.92 ± 12.31 | 0.60 ± 0.02 | 5.44 ± 1.13 |
KF 3780 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/TURNIA/W | 183.55 ± 14.03 | 0.98 ± 0.03 | 16.75 ± 2.52 |
KF 3760 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/TURNIA/W | 317.24 ± 16.32 | 34.00 ± 3.15 | 7.01 ± 1.14 |
KF 3781 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/TURNIA/W | 80.39 ± 7.44 | 0.49 ± 0.15 | 2.66 ± 0.09 |
KF 3761 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/TURNIA/W | 202.29 ± 10.18 | 95.61 ± 8.53 | 37.44 ± 4.79 |
KF 3782 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/TURNIA/W | 111.65 ± 11.59 | 52.35 ± 4.17 | 27.62 ± 5.56 |
KF 3731 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TURNIA/R | 111.07 ± 9.47 | 49.61 ± 5.22 | 43.58 ± 6.85 |
KF 3732 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TURNIA/R | 958.51 ± 21.06 | 271.22 ± 10.84 | 104.30 ± 9.48 |
KF 3733 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TURNIA/R | 121.65 ± 10.11 | 51.99 ± 6.63 | 37.71 ± 5.54 |
KF 3734 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TURNIA/R | 49.36 ± 5.33 | 29.26 ± 4.12 | 30.85 ± 3.52 |
KF 3735 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TURNIA/R | 845.56 ± 42.67 | 227.99 ± 10.47 | 112.65 ± 9.65 |
KF 3736 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TURNIA/R | 476.53 ± 25.13 | 227.78 ± 11.58 | 111.39 ± 8.83 |
KF 3737 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TURNIA/R | 106.09 ± 9.88 | 49.72 ± 5.39 | 43.84 ± 5.28 |
KF 3738 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/TURNIA/R | 648.30 ± 21.56 | 180.68 ± 15.41 | 101.13 ± 4.69 |
KF 3660 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EUREKA/R | 78.74 ± 7.40 | 24.20 ± 3.30 | 4.68 ± 0.08 |
KF 3740 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EUREKA/R | 216.50 ±15.84 | 89.95 ± 7.17 | 43.33 ± 6.16 |
KF 3661 | F. verticillioides | P. sativum/EUREKA/R | 1861.52 ± 54.23 | 108.16 ± 7.49 | 40.61 ± 5.58 |
KF 3758 | F. proliferatum | P. sativum/EZOP/W | 212.02 ± 12.36 | 63.50 ± 8.82 | 44.01 ± 6.85 |
KF 3416 | F. proliferatum | P. dactylifera | 46.34 ± 5.41 | 26.11 ± 5.41 | 6.53 ± 0.08 |
KF 3357 | F. proliferatum | A. officinalis | 1536.00 ± 52.33 | 657.09 ± 80.35 | 123.72 ± 8.71 |
KF 3654 | F. proliferatum | Z. mays | 1578.04 ± 41.25 | 529.96 ± 69.15 | 91.34 ± 9.13 |
KF 3584 | F. proliferatum | O. sativa | 201.20 ± 7.69 | 53.60 ± 7.74 | 33.00 ± 4.28 |
KF 3409 | F. proliferatum | Cambria sp. | 668.72 ± 18.47 | 170.07 ± 25.13 | 70.19 ± 6.71 |
KF 3503 | F. proliferatum | A. sativum | 1186.87 ± 87.42 | 185.54 ± 18.53 | 66.24 ± 5.93 |
KF 3537 | F. verticillioides | A. comosus | 59.65 ± 6.06 | 19.37 ± 2.47 | 5.86 ± 0.98 |
KF 3644 | F. verticillioides | Z. mays | 6.12 ± 1.52 | 0.37 ± 0.05 | 0.29 ± 0.03 |
KF 3488 | F. verticillioides | Z. mays | 39.77 ± 4.15 | 0.96 ± 0.09 | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
KF 3482 | F. verticillioides | Z. mays | 273.38 ± 14.39 | 60.35 ± 1.11 | 0.88 ± 0.04 |
KF 3483 | F. verticillioides | Z. mays | 14.17 ± 2.08 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
3. Discussion
4. Experimental Section
4.1. Seed Samples and Purification of Fungal Strains
4.2. Fusarium Species Identification
4.3. Molecular Analyses: DNA Extraction, Primers and PCR Conditions
4.4. DNA Sequencing, Analysis and Phylogeny Reconstruction
4.5. Fumonisin Quantification
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Waśkiewicz, A.; Stępień, Ł.; Wilman, K.; Kachlicki, P. Diversity of Pea-Associated F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides Populations Revealed by FUM1 Sequence Analysis and Fumonisin Biosynthesis. Toxins 2013, 5, 488-503. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins5030488
Waśkiewicz A, Stępień Ł, Wilman K, Kachlicki P. Diversity of Pea-Associated F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides Populations Revealed by FUM1 Sequence Analysis and Fumonisin Biosynthesis. Toxins. 2013; 5(3):488-503. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins5030488
Chicago/Turabian StyleWaśkiewicz, Agnieszka, Łukasz Stępień, Karolina Wilman, and Piotr Kachlicki. 2013. "Diversity of Pea-Associated F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides Populations Revealed by FUM1 Sequence Analysis and Fumonisin Biosynthesis" Toxins 5, no. 3: 488-503. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins5030488