Effects of β-Glucans Ingestion on Alveolar Bone Loss, Intestinal Morphology, Systemic Inflammatory Profile, and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Rats with Periodontitis and Diabetes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Diabetes Induction
2.3. Induction of Periodontal Disease
2.4. β-Glucan
2.5. β-Cell Function (HOMA-BF)
2.6. TNF-α e IL-10 Measurement
2.7. Alveolar Bone Loss by Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.8. Histometric Analysis of Periodontal and Intestinal Tissue
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Experimental Groups |
---|
1—Control |
2—Diabetes (Introduction of diabetes with streptozotocin) |
3—Periodontal disease (Induction of periodontal disease for 14 days) |
4—β-glucan (Treated since the first day of the experiment—28 days) |
5—Diabetes + Periodontal disease |
6—Diabetes + β-glucan |
7—β-glucan + Periodontal disease |
8—Diabetes + β-glucan + Periodontal disease |
Diabetes | Periodontal Disease | β-Glucan | |
---|---|---|---|
− | + | ||
− | − | 776 (175) Bb | 736 (183) Bb |
− | + | 352 (147) Ba | 500 (199) Ba |
+ | − | 30 (4) Ay | 50 (11) Ax |
+ | + | 14 (1) Ay | 51 (4) Ax |
Diabetes | Periodontal Disease | β-Glucan | |
---|---|---|---|
− | + | ||
TNF-α | |||
− | − | 2.61 (0.95) Aa | 2.81 (0.39) |
− | + | 4.02 (0.64) Ab | 3.33 (0.92) |
+ | − | 4.29 (1.57) Ba | 3.79 (0.90) |
+ | + | 7.11 (1.51) Bbx | 3.05 (0.79) y |
IL-10 | |||
− | − | 24.62 (3.74) a | 20.69 (5.09) a |
− | + | 35.56 (7.03) bx | 28.40 (4.98) by |
+ | − | 27.41 (2.70) a | 26.68 (3.51) |
+ | + | 37.45 (8.76) bx | 29.04 (5.86) y |
Diabetes | Periodontal Disease | β-Glucan | |
---|---|---|---|
− | + | ||
Scanning Electron Microscopy (mm) | |||
− | − | 0.67 (0.11) Bax | 0.51 (0.05) ay |
− | + | 1.00 (1.17) bx | 0.70 (0.17) by |
+ | − | 0.51 (0.12) Aa | 0.56 (0.08) a |
+ | + | 1.14 (0.05) bx | 0.78 (0.07) by |
Histometric Analysis (mm2) | |||
− | − | 1.36 (0.19) a | 1.39 (0.29) |
− | + | 2.50 (0.41) bx | 1.58 (0.61) y |
+ | − | 1.26 (0.20) a | 1.14 (0.01) |
+ | + | 2.93 (0.21) bx | 1.25 (0.33) y |
Diabetes | Periodontal Disease | β-Glucan | |
---|---|---|---|
− | + | ||
Villus height (µm) | |||
− | − | 396 (76) Ax | 574 (97) Ay |
− | + | 409 (71) A | 508 (215) A |
+ | − | 700 (137) B | 772 (88) B |
+ | + | 667 (226) B | 767 (107) B |
Crypt depth (µm) | |||
− | − | 239 (38) | 252 (13) |
− | + | 226 (43) x | 273 (19) y |
+ | − | 233 (36) | 251 (10) |
+ | + | 242 (63) x | 286 (34) y |
Villus height/crypt depth | |||
− | − | 1.65 (0.08) A | 2.29 (0.46) A |
− | + | 1.87 (0.53) A | 1.86 (0.77) A |
+ | − | 3.06 (0.80) B | 3.09 (0.45) B |
+ | + | 2.76 (0.71) B | 2.68 (0.22) B |
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De O. Silva, V.; Lobato, R.V.; Andrade, E.F.; Orlando, D.R.; Borges, B.D.B.; Zangeronimo, M.G.; De Sousa, R.V.; Pereira, L.J. Effects of β-Glucans Ingestion on Alveolar Bone Loss, Intestinal Morphology, Systemic Inflammatory Profile, and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Rats with Periodontitis and Diabetes. Nutrients 2017, 9, 1016. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9091016
De O. Silva V, Lobato RV, Andrade EF, Orlando DR, Borges BDB, Zangeronimo MG, De Sousa RV, Pereira LJ. Effects of β-Glucans Ingestion on Alveolar Bone Loss, Intestinal Morphology, Systemic Inflammatory Profile, and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Rats with Periodontitis and Diabetes. Nutrients. 2017; 9(9):1016. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9091016
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe O. Silva, Viviam, Raquel V. Lobato, Eric F. Andrade, Débora R. Orlando, Bruno D.B. Borges, Márcio G. Zangeronimo, Raimundo V. De Sousa, and Luciano J. Pereira. 2017. "Effects of β-Glucans Ingestion on Alveolar Bone Loss, Intestinal Morphology, Systemic Inflammatory Profile, and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Rats with Periodontitis and Diabetes" Nutrients 9, no. 9: 1016. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9091016