Low Folate and Selenium in the Mouse Maternal Diet Alters Liver Gene Expression Patterns in the Offspring after Weaning
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Animal Experiments
2.2. Sample Collection
Macronutrient | Diet “L” (0.4 mg Folate + 0.08 mg Se/kg) | Diet “H” (2.4 mg Folate+ 0.44 mg Se/kg) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
gm % | kcal% | gm % | kcal% | ||
Protein | 20 | 17 | 20 | 17 | |
Carbohydrate | 49 | 42 | 50 | 43 | |
Fat | 21 | 40 | 21 | 40 | |
Total | 99 | 100 | |||
kcal/g | 4.68 | 4.68 | |||
Ingredient | gm | kcal | gm | kcal | |
Casein | 195 | 780 | 195 | 780 | |
dl-methionine | 3 | 12 | 3 | 12 | |
Corn Starch | 50 | 200 | 50 | 200 | |
Matodextrin 10 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 400 | |
Sucrose | 341 | 1364 | 341 | 1364 | |
Cellulose BW200 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 0 | |
Milk Fat Anhydrous | 200 | 1800 | 200 | 1800 | |
Corn Oil | 10 | 90 | 10 | 90 | |
Mineral Mix S10001 † | 0 | 35 | |||
Sodium Selenite (45.7% Se) | 0.000067 | 0.00058 | |||
Mineral mix S19101 (no Se) | 35 | 0 | |||
Calcium Carbonate | 4 | 4 | |||
Vitamin Mix V10001 ‡ | 0 | 10 | 40 | ||
Vitamin mix V14901 (no Fo) | 10 | 40 | 0 | ||
Folic Acid | 0.00032 | 0.00032 | |||
Choline Bitartrate | 2 | 2 | |||
Cholesterol USP | 1.5 | 1.5 | |||
Ethoxyquin | 0.04 | 0.04 | |||
FD&C Yellow Dye #5 | 0.05 | 0 | |||
FD&C Red Dye #40 | 0 | 0.05 | |||
Total | 1001.59 | 4686 | 1001.59 | 4686 |
2.3. RNA and DNA Isolation
2.4. Microarray Hybridisation and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Food Intake and Body Weight
3.2. Gene Expression in the Liver
Change in Gene Expression | Comparison | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HH vs. HL* | LH vs. LL | HH vs. LL | HL vs. LL | HH vs. LH* | |
Lower expression | 50 | 18 | 13 | 0 | 358 |
No change | 43,269 | 43,356 | 43,303 | 43,379 | 42,659 |
Higher expression | 60 | 5 | 63 | 0 | 362 |
Total DE genes | 110 | 23 | 76 | 0 | 720 |
3.3. Gene Expression in the Colon
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Barnett, M.P.G.; Bermingham, E.N.; Young, W.; Bassett, S.A.; Hesketh, J.E.; Maciel-Dominguez, A.; McNabb, W.C.; Roy, N.C. Low Folate and Selenium in the Mouse Maternal Diet Alters Liver Gene Expression Patterns in the Offspring after Weaning. Nutrients 2015, 7, 3370-3386. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7053370
Barnett MPG, Bermingham EN, Young W, Bassett SA, Hesketh JE, Maciel-Dominguez A, McNabb WC, Roy NC. Low Folate and Selenium in the Mouse Maternal Diet Alters Liver Gene Expression Patterns in the Offspring after Weaning. Nutrients. 2015; 7(5):3370-3386. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7053370
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarnett, Matthew P.G., Emma N. Bermingham, Wayne Young, Shalome A. Bassett, John E. Hesketh, Anabel Maciel-Dominguez, Warren C. McNabb, and Nicole C. Roy. 2015. "Low Folate and Selenium in the Mouse Maternal Diet Alters Liver Gene Expression Patterns in the Offspring after Weaning" Nutrients 7, no. 5: 3370-3386. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7053370