The Effect of Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements on Age-Related Cataracts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Sources
2.2. Study Selection
2.3. Data Extraction and Study Quality
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Overview of Included Studies
Author, Year (Location) | Study Name | Follow-Up Time (Year) | Population (Number, Age (Year)) | Definition of Age-Related Cataract | Age-Related Cataract Type | Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements Investigated | Confounding Variables Adjusted | Study Quality |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mares-Perlman 2000 (USA) [8] | The Beaver Dam Eye Study | 5 | Population-based adults (3684, 43–86) | The Wisconsin Age-Related Cataract Grading System | Any type Nuclear Cortical PSC | Block FFQ: multivitamin/mineral supplementation questionnaire (four levels) | Age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, BMI, UV-B exposure, and hat use in teen years | High |
Klein 2008 (USA) [9] | The Beaver Dam Eye Study | 15 | Population-based adults (4926, 43–86) | The Wisconsin Age-Related Cataract Grading System | Nuclear Cortical | Multivitamin/mineral supplementation questionnaire (yes or no) | Age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, BMI, UV-B exposure, and hat use in teen years | High |
Kuzniarz 2001 (Australia) [10] | Blue Mountains Eye Study | 10 | Population-based sample (2873, 49–97) | The Wisconsin Age-Related Cataract Grading System | Nuclear Cortical PSC | Multivitamin/mineral supplementation questionnaire (four levels) | Age, sex, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, education, and use of oral and inhaled steroids | High |
Rautiainen 2010 (Sweden) [11] | Swedish Mammography Cohort | 8 | Population-based women (24,593, 49–83) | National registration | Surgery | Multivitamin/mineral supplementation questionnaire (yes or no) | Age, waist circumference, smoking, alcohol consumption, steroid medication use, educational level, and hormone replacement therapy use | Moderate |
Zheng 2013 (Sweden) [12] | The Cohort of Swedish Men | 8.4 | Population-based men (31,120, 45–79) | National registration | Surgery | Multivitamin/mineral supplementation questionnaire (yes or no) | Age, smoking, abdominal obesity, educational level, history of hypertension, corticosteroid use, alcohol intake, and fruit and vegetable intake | Moderate |
Milton 2006 (USA) [13] | The Age-Related Eye Disease Study | 6.3 | Clinic-based adults (4596, ≥45) | Medically diagnosed by slit-lamp and retroillumination photographs graded on a decimal scale | Any type Nuclear Cortical PSC | Multivitamin/mineral (Centrum®) supplementation questionnaire (yes or no) | Age, gender, race, smoking, education, lens status, AREDS treatment, and propensity score | Moderate |
Leske 1998 (USA) [14] | The Longitudinal Study of Cataract | 4.8 | Clinic-based population (764, ≥40) | LOCS III cataract classification system | Nuclear | Block FFQ: multivitamin/mineral supplementation questionnaire (three levels) | Age, gender, race, education, current smoking status, coexisting cortical and posterior subcapsular opacities at baseline. | Moderate |
Seddon 1994 (USA) [15] | The Physicians’ Health Study | 5 | US male physicians (17,744, 40–84) | Self-report, confirmed by review of medical records | Any type Surgery | Multivitamin/mineral supplementation questionnaire (yes or no) | Age, randomized treatment assignment, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, alcohol consumption, physical activity, smoking, parental history of myocardial infarction, and high cholesterol. | Moderate |
Hankinson 1992 (USA) [16] | The Nurses’ Health Study | 8 | Female registered nurses (50,828, 45–67) | Self-report, confirmed by medical record review and ophthalmologists | Surgery | Semiquantitative FFQ: multivitamin/mineral supplementation questionnaire (five levels) | Age, time period, diabetes, energy intake, smoking, Quetelet’s index, area of residence, number of physician visits, and aspirin use. | Moderate |
Chasan-Taber 1999 (USA) [17] | The Nurses’ Health Study | 12 | Female registered nurses (47,152, ≥45) | Self-report, confirmed by medical record review and ophthalmologists | Surgery | Multivitamin/mineral supplementation questionnaire (five levels) | Age, time period, diabetes, smoking, BMI, area of residence, number of physician visits, aspirin use, calories, carotene intake, and alcohol consumption. | Moderate |
Taylor 2002 (USA) [18] | The Nurses’ Health Study | 13–15 | Nondiabetic women (492, 53–73) | LOCS III cataract classification system | Cortical PSC | Expanded FFQ: multivitamin/mineral supplementation questionnaire (four levels) | Age, smoke, hypertension, BMI, sun light exposure, and alcohol consumption. | Moderate |
Jacques 2001 (USA) [19] | The Nurses’ Health Study | 13–15 | Nondiabetic women (478, 53–73) | LOCS III cataract classification system | Nuclear | 5 FFQ: multivitamin/mineral supplementation questionnaire (four levels) | Age, smoking, hypertension, BMI, sunlight exposure, and alcohol consumption. | Moderate |
Trials | Study Name | Follow-Up Time (year) | Population (Sample Size, Age (year)) | Definition of Age-Related Cataract | Definition of Cataract | Intervention | Control | Confounding Variables Adjusted | Study Quality |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maraini 2008 (USA) [46] | Clinical Trial of Nutritional Supplements and Age-Related Cataract Study | 9.0 | Population-based adults (1020, 55–75) | A modification of the AREDS lens-grading system | Any type Nuclear Cortical PSC Surgery | Multivitamin/mineral supplements | Placebo | Gender, smoking status, and history of steroid use. | High |
Sperduto 1993 (China) [47] | The Linxian cataract study | 5–6 | Population-based adults (2141, 45–74) | LOCS II cataract classification system | Nuclear Cortical PSC | Multivitamin/mineral supplements | Placebo | Not reported. | Moderate |
3.2. Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements and the Risk of Nuclear Cataracts
3.3. Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements and the Risk of Cortical Cataracts
3.4. Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements and the Risk of Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts
3.5. Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements and the Risk of Any Type of Cataract
3.6. Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements and the Risk of Requiring Cataract Surgery
4. Discussion
4.1. Results in Relation to Other Studies
4.2. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Study
5. Conclusions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhao, L.-Q.; Li, L.-M.; Zhu, H.; The Epidemiological Evidence-Based Eye Disease Study Research Group. The Effect of Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements on Age-Related Cataracts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2014, 6, 931-949. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6030931
Zhao L-Q, Li L-M, Zhu H, The Epidemiological Evidence-Based Eye Disease Study Research Group. The Effect of Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements on Age-Related Cataracts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2014; 6(3):931-949. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6030931
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Li-Quan, Liang-Mao Li, Huang Zhu, and The Epidemiological Evidence-Based Eye Disease Study Research Group. 2014. "The Effect of Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements on Age-Related Cataracts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Nutrients 6, no. 3: 931-949. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6030931