Automatic Counting of Large Mammals from Very High Resolution Panchromatic Satellite Imagery
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Animal Species
2.2. Satellite Images
2.3. Visual Interpretation to Establish Ground Truth for Large Animals Discerned on GeoEye-1 Imagery
2.4. Semi-Automatic Animal Detection Algorithm
2.4.1. Image Preprocessing
2.4.2. Wavelet-Based Preclassification
2.4.3. Selecting Geometric Features
2.4.4. ANFIS-Based Reclassification
2.5. Accuracy Assessment
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Pilot Area No. 1 | Pilot Area No. 2 | Pilot Area No. 3 | Average | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ground truth | 50 | 128 | 416 | 198 |
True positive | 47 | 118 | 370 | 178 |
False positive | 4 | 17 | 64 | 28 |
False negative | 3 | 10 | 56 | 23 |
Omission error | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.09 |
Commission error | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.12 |
Accuracy index | 0.86 | 0.79 | 0.72 | 0.79 |
Pilot Area No. 1 | Pilot Area No. 2 | Pilot Area No. 3 | Average | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ground truth | 50 | 128 | 416 | 198 |
True positive | 45 | 105 | 354 | 168 |
False positive | 13 | 33 | 126 | 57 |
False negative | 5 | 23 | 72 | 33 |
Omission error | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.15 |
Commission error | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.24 |
Accuracy index | 0.64 | 0.56 | 0.54 | 0.58 |
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Xue, Y.; Wang, T.; Skidmore, A.K. Automatic Counting of Large Mammals from Very High Resolution Panchromatic Satellite Imagery. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 878. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090878
Xue Y, Wang T, Skidmore AK. Automatic Counting of Large Mammals from Very High Resolution Panchromatic Satellite Imagery. Remote Sensing. 2017; 9(9):878. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090878
Chicago/Turabian StyleXue, Yifei, Tiejun Wang, and Andrew K. Skidmore. 2017. "Automatic Counting of Large Mammals from Very High Resolution Panchromatic Satellite Imagery" Remote Sensing 9, no. 9: 878. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090878