Utilizing Multiple Lines of Evidence to Determine Landscape Degradation within Protected Area Landscapes: A Case Study of Chobe National Park, Botswana from 1982 to 2011
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of Study Area
2.2. Data and Image Analysis
2.2.1. Land Cover Classes
2.2.2. Field/Training Data
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. NDVI Accumulation and Trends
2.3.2. Classification Techniques
3. Results
3.1. Cumulative NDVI
3.2. Random Forest Classification
3.3. Change Trajectory for Random Forest Classification
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Error Matrix | Woodland | Shrub Land | Grassland | Total | Class Error Omission % | Class Error Commission % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1989–1990 | ||||||
Woodland | 165 | 13 | 3 | 181 | 8.84 | 14.9 |
Shrubland | 24 | 36 | 6 | 66 | 45.5 | 37.9 |
Grassland | 5 | 9 | 36 | 50 | 27.5 | 19.6 |
Total | 194 | 58 | 45 | 297 | ||
2008–2009 | ||||||
Woodland | 161 | 17 | 3 | 181 | 11.0 | 15.3 |
Shrubland | 24 | 36 | 6 | 66 | 45.5 | 41.9 |
Grassland | 5 | 9 | 37 | 51 | 27.5 | 19.6 |
Total | 190 | 62 | 46 | 298 |
Random Forest Classifier (Pixel Count) | Random Forest Classifier (% Change) | |
---|---|---|
Woodland to Grassland | 6890 | 1.46 |
Woodland to Shrubland | 18,218 | 3.87 |
No Change | 411,754 | 87.4 |
Shrubland to Woodland | 28,425 | 6.03 |
Grassland to Woodland | 5802 | 1.23 |
Total | 471,089 | 99.99 |
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Herrero, H.V.; Southworth, J.; Bunting, E. Utilizing Multiple Lines of Evidence to Determine Landscape Degradation within Protected Area Landscapes: A Case Study of Chobe National Park, Botswana from 1982 to 2011. Remote Sens. 2016, 8, 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080623
Herrero HV, Southworth J, Bunting E. Utilizing Multiple Lines of Evidence to Determine Landscape Degradation within Protected Area Landscapes: A Case Study of Chobe National Park, Botswana from 1982 to 2011. Remote Sensing. 2016; 8(8):623. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080623
Chicago/Turabian StyleHerrero, Hannah V., Jane Southworth, and Erin Bunting. 2016. "Utilizing Multiple Lines of Evidence to Determine Landscape Degradation within Protected Area Landscapes: A Case Study of Chobe National Park, Botswana from 1982 to 2011" Remote Sensing 8, no. 8: 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080623