Development of an Evaluation System for Sustaining Reservoir Functions—A Case Study of Shiwen Reservoir in Taiwan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Flood Control Indicator
1.2. Sediment Management Indicator
1.3. Water Resources Allocation Indicator
1.4. River Ecological Indicator
1.5. Gini Coefficient
1.6. Sustainable Indicators
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Indicators for Reservoir Function Evaluation
2.1.1. Flood Control Capability (Code: C1)
2.1.2. Sediment Management (C2)
2.1.3. Water Resource Allocation (C3)
2.1.4. River Ecology (C4)
2.1.5. Water Quality (C5)
2.1.6. Benefit and Fairness (C6)
2.2. Planning Support and Decision-Making Analysis
2.2.1. Reservoir Sustainability Rating
2.2.2. Application of Indicators in Planning
2.3. Study Area
3. Results
3.1. Sustainability Analysis
3.2. Flood Control Capability
3.3. Sediment Management
3.4. Water Resource Allocation
3.5. River Ecology
3.6. Water Quality
3.7. Benefits and Fairness
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Indicator Name | Code | Calculation |
---|---|---|
Flood reduction ratio | I1 | (Qpi − Qpo)/Qpi |
Safe flooding flow ratio | I2 | Qpo/Qr |
Effective reservoir capacity ratio | I3 | (Vo − Vs + Vd)/Vo |
Sediment supply ratio | I4 | Qd/Qs |
Water supply ratio | I5 | SA/S |
Water allocation ratio | I6 | SA/D (during operations); S/D (during planning) |
Ecological baseflow ratio | I7 | Qsb/Q95 |
Change in WUA | I8 | Equation (1) |
Water pollution index | I9 | Equation (2) |
Eutrophication index | I10 | Model simulation |
Benefits index | I11 | Equation (3) |
Fairness index | I12 | Equation (4) |
Category | Indicator | Rating | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excellent (4 pts.) | Good (3 pts.) | Fair (2 pts.) | Poor (1 pts) | ||
C1 | I1 (%) | >30 | 21~30 | 11~20 | ≤10 |
I2 (%) | <96 | 96~100 | 101~110 | >110 | |
C2 | I3 (%) | 91~100 | 71~90 | 51~70 | ≤50 |
I4 (%) | >35 | 26~35 | 13~25 | <13 | |
C3 | I5 (%) | 91~110 | 81~90 or >110 | 71~80 | ≤70 |
I6 (%) | 91~110 | 81~90 or >110 | 71~80 | ≤70 | |
C4 | I7 (multiplier) | >3.0 | 2.1~3.0 | 1.1~2.0 | ≤1.0 |
I8 (%) | >0 | 0~−33 | −33~−67 | −68~−100 | |
C5 | I9 (WQI7) | >85 | 71~85 | 51~70 | ≤50 |
I10 (μg/L) | <12 | 12~18 | 19~24 | >24 | |
C6 | I11 (%) | >8.0 | 5.1~8.0 | 2.1~5.0 | ≤2.0 |
I12 (%) | 0~0.2 | 0.3~0.4 | 0.5~0.6 | 0.7~1.0 |
δ1,δ2 | δ3,δ4 | δ5,δ6 | δ7,δ8 | δ9,δ10 | δ11,δ12 | Σδi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.145 | 0.095 | 0.094 | 0.050 | 0.079 | 0.037 | 1.00 |
Sustainability Rating | Excellent | Good | Average | Poor |
---|---|---|---|---|
SCI interval | 3.26~4.00 | 2.51~3.25 | 1.76~2.50 | 1.00~1.75 |
Category | Indicator | Calculated Index | Grade | Score (Si) | Weighting Factor (δi) | SCI(i) = Si * δi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | I1 (%) | 32.3 | Excellent | 4 | 0.145 | 0.580 |
I2 (%) | 52.7 | Excellent | 4 | 0.145 | 0.580 | |
C2 | I3 (%) | 80.11 (49.61) * | Good (Poor) * | 3 (1) * | 0.095 | 0.285 (0.095) * |
I4 (%) | 62.25 (13.5) * | Excellent (Fair) * | 4 (2) * | 0.095 | 0.380 (0.190) * | |
C3 | I5 (%) | 96.16 | Excellent | 4 | 0.094 | 0.376 |
I6 (%) | 118.97 | Good | 3 | 0.094 | 0.282 | |
C4 | I7 (multiplier) | 2.56 | Good | 3 | 0.050 | 0.150 |
I8 (%) | −41.5 | Fair | 2 | 0.050 | 0.100 | |
C5 | I9 (WQI7) | 87 | Excellent | 4 | 0.079 | 0.316 |
I10 (μg/L) | 11 | Excellent | 4 | 0.079 | 0.316 | |
C6 | I11 (%) | 9.0 | Excellent | 4 | 0.037 | 0.148 |
I12 (%) | 0.2 | Excellent | 4 | 0.037 | 0.148 |
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Chen, R.-S.; Tsai, C.-M. Development of an Evaluation System for Sustaining Reservoir Functions—A Case Study of Shiwen Reservoir in Taiwan. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1387. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9081387
Chen R-S, Tsai C-M. Development of an Evaluation System for Sustaining Reservoir Functions—A Case Study of Shiwen Reservoir in Taiwan. Sustainability. 2017; 9(8):1387. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9081387
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Rong-Song, and Chan-Ming Tsai. 2017. "Development of an Evaluation System for Sustaining Reservoir Functions—A Case Study of Shiwen Reservoir in Taiwan" Sustainability 9, no. 8: 1387. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9081387