Use of Novel Composite Coagulants for Arsenic Removal from Waters—Experimental Insight for the Application of Polyferric Sulfate (PFS)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Synthesis of Coagulants
2.2. Jar-Tests
2.3. Arsenic Speciation
2.4. Arsenic, Aluminum, and Iron Determination
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. As(V) Removal by Pre-Polymerized Coagulants of Iron and Aluminum
3.2. As(III) Removal by Use of Pre-Polymerized Coagulants of Iron
3.3. As(III) and As(V) Removal by PFS
3.4. Effect of Carbonate Concentration on As(III) Removal by the Use of PFS
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Coagulant Type | Molar Ratios | Description | Procedure |
---|---|---|---|
PFS0.3 | [OH]/[Fe] = 0.3 | Fe2(SO4)3 + H2SO4 + H2O2 + NaHCO3 | Oxidation of ferrous sulfate to ferric sulfate in highly acidic conditions (H2SO4, 96 wt %). The oxidizing agent was H2O2 (30%) and then, the alkaline solution of NaHCO3 was slowly added up to pH 1.3 |
PFSiC1.5-15 | [OH]/[Fe] = 1.5 [Fe]/[Si] = 15 | FeCl3 + pSi + NaOH | Appropriate amount of pSi solution was added in FeCl3 solution under vigorous stirring and then, the alkaline solution of NaOH was slowly added up to pH 1.4 |
PSiFAC1.5-10-15 | [OH]/[Al] = 1.5 [Al]/[Fe] = 10 [Al + Fe]/[Si] = 15 | (AlCl3 + FeCl3) + pSi + NaOH | Appropriate amount of FeCl3 solution was added in AlCl3 solution under vigorous stirring. Then, the pSi solution was added to the resulted Fe/Al solution at desired ratios, followed by the alkaline solution of (NaOH) addition up to pH 3.5 |
Sample | Rapid Mixing Period | Slow Mixing Period | Sedimentation |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial water | 2 min at 160 rpm | 10 min at 45 rpm | 45 min without mixing |
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Katsoyiannis, I.A.; Tzollas, N.M.; Tolkou, A.K.; Mitrakas, M.; Ernst, M.; Zouboulis, A.I. Use of Novel Composite Coagulants for Arsenic Removal from Waters—Experimental Insight for the Application of Polyferric Sulfate (PFS). Sustainability 2017, 9, 590. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040590
Katsoyiannis IA, Tzollas NM, Tolkou AK, Mitrakas M, Ernst M, Zouboulis AI. Use of Novel Composite Coagulants for Arsenic Removal from Waters—Experimental Insight for the Application of Polyferric Sulfate (PFS). Sustainability. 2017; 9(4):590. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040590
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatsoyiannis, Ioannis A., Nikolaos M. Tzollas, Athanasia K. Tolkou, Manassis Mitrakas, Mathias Ernst, and Anastasios I. Zouboulis. 2017. "Use of Novel Composite Coagulants for Arsenic Removal from Waters—Experimental Insight for the Application of Polyferric Sulfate (PFS)" Sustainability 9, no. 4: 590. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040590