Green Transformational Leadership and Green Performance: The Mediation Effects of Green Mindfulness and Green Self-Efficacy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and Hypothesis Development
2.1. The Positive Effect of Green Transformational Leadership on Green Mindfulness
- Hypothesis 1 (H1). Green transformational leadership is positively associated with green mindfulness.
2.2. The Positive Effect of Green Transformational Leadership on Green Self-Efficacy
- Hypothesis 2 (H2). Green transformational leadership is positively associated with green self-efficacy.
2.3. The Positive Effect of Green Transformational Leadership on Green Performance
- Hypothesis 3 (H3). Green transformational leadership is positively associated with green performance.
2.4. The Positive Effect of Green Mindfulness on Green Performance
- Hypothesis 4 (H4). Green mindfulness is positively associated with green performance.
2.5. The Positive Effect of Green Self-Efficacy on Green Performance
- Hypothesis 5 (H5). Green self-efficacy is positively associated with green performance.
2.6. The Mediation Effect of Green Mindfulness
- Hypothesis 6 (H6). Green mindfulness mediates the positive relationship between green transformational leadership and green performance.
2.7. The Mediation Effect of Green Self-Efficacy
- Hypothesis 7 (H7). Green self-efficacy mediates the positive relationship between green transformational leadership and green performance.
3. Methodology and Measurement
3.1. Data Collection and the Sample
3.2. The Measurement of the Constructs
4. Empirical Results
4.1. The Results of the Measurement Model
Type of Respondents | Number of Respondents | Number of Female Respondents | Number of Male Respondents | Average Age | Average Years of Work Experience |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Project leaders | 262 | 59 | 203 | 43.8 | 18.6 |
Project members | 262 | 117 | 145 | 31.5 | 7.4 |
R&D managers | 262 | 32 | 230 | 51.3 | 25.7 |
Constructs | Mean | Standard Deviation | A. | B. | C. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. Green transformational leadership | 5.186 | 0.782 | |||
B. Green mindfulness | 5.202 | 0.779 | 0.345 * | ||
C. Green self-efficacy | 5.193 | 0.761 | 0.360 ** | 0.349 * | |
D. Green performance | 5.188 | 0.770 | 0.351 * | 0.359 * | 0.352 * |
Constructs | Number of Items | Number of Factors | Accumulation Percentage of Explained Variance |
---|---|---|---|
Green transformational leadership | 6 | 1 | 62.0% |
Green mindfulness | 6 | 1 | 63.2% |
Green self-efficacy | 6 | 1 | 60.6% |
Green performance | 8 | 1 | 64.6% |
Constructs | Items | λ | Cronbach’s α | AVE | The Square Root of AVE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Green transformational leadership | GTL1 | 0.810 | 0.902 | 0.725 | 0.851 |
GTL2 | 0.825 ** | ||||
GTL3 | 0.813 ** | ||||
GTL4 | 0.831 ** | ||||
GTL5 | 0.825 ** | ||||
GTL6 | 0.836 ** | ||||
Green mindfulness | GM1 | 0.789 | 0.910 | 0.736 | 0.858 |
GM 2 | 0.792 ** | ||||
GM 3 | 0.805 ** | ||||
GM 4 | 0.773 ** | ||||
GM 5 | 0.813 ** | ||||
GM 6 | 0.786 ** | ||||
Green self-efficacy | GSE1 | 0.795 | 0.905 | 0.722 | 0.850 |
GSE2 | 0.806 ** | ||||
GSE3 | 0.810 ** | ||||
GSE4 | 0.785 ** | ||||
GSE5 | 0.773 ** | ||||
GSE6 | 0.804 ** | ||||
Green performance | GIP1 | 0.801 | 0.915 | 0.731 | 0.855 |
GIP2 | 0.793 ** | ||||
GIP3 | 0.789 ** | ||||
GIP4 | 0.806 ** | ||||
GIP5 | 0.788 ** | ||||
GIP6 | 0.779 ** | ||||
GIP7 | 0.801 ** | ||||
GIP8 | 0.805 ** |
4.2. The Results of the Structural Model
Hypothesis | Proposed Effect | Path Coefficient | Results |
---|---|---|---|
H1 | + | 0.238 * | H1 is supported |
H2 | + | 0.243 ** | H2 is supported |
H3 | + | 0.241 * | H3 is supported |
H4 | + | 0.228 * | H4 is supported |
H5 | + | 0.230 * | H5 is supported |
5. Conclusions and Implications
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chen, Y.-S.; Chang, C.-H.; Lin, Y.-H. Green Transformational Leadership and Green Performance: The Mediation Effects of Green Mindfulness and Green Self-Efficacy. Sustainability 2014, 6, 6604-6621. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6106604
Chen Y-S, Chang C-H, Lin Y-H. Green Transformational Leadership and Green Performance: The Mediation Effects of Green Mindfulness and Green Self-Efficacy. Sustainability. 2014; 6(10):6604-6621. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6106604
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Yu-Shan, Ching-Hsun Chang, and Yu-Hsien Lin. 2014. "Green Transformational Leadership and Green Performance: The Mediation Effects of Green Mindfulness and Green Self-Efficacy" Sustainability 6, no. 10: 6604-6621. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6106604