Viruses 2013, 5(1), 1-14; doi:10.3390/v5010001
Review

Molecular Mechanisms of HIV Immune Evasion of the Innate Immune Response in Myeloid Cells

Mike Mashiba 1,2 email and Kathleen L. Collins 1,2,3,4,5,* email
1 Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 2 Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 3 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 4 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 5 Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 7 November 2012; in revised form: 19 December 2012 / Accepted: 19 December 2012 / Published: 21 December 2012
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Evasion)
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Abstract: The expression of intrinsic antiviral factors by myeloid cells is a recently recognized mechanism of restricting lentiviral replication. Viruses that enter these cells must develop strategies to evade cellular antiviral factors to establish a productive infection. By studying the cellular targets of virally encoded proteins that are necessary to infect myeloid cells, a better understanding of cellular intrinsic antiviral strategies has now been achieved. Recent findings have provided insight into how the lentiviral accessory proteins, Vpx, Vpr and Vif counteract antiviral factors found in myeloid cells including SAMHD1, APOBEC3G, APOBEC3A, UNG2 and uracil. Here we review our current understanding of the molecular basis of how cellular antiviral factors function and the viral countermeasures that antagonize them to promote viral transmission and spread.
Keywords: HIV; immune evasion; Vpr; Ung2; myeloid

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mashiba, M.; Collins, K.L. Molecular Mechanisms of HIV Immune Evasion of the Innate Immune Response in Myeloid Cells. Viruses 2013, 5, 1-14.

AMA Style

Mashiba M, Collins KL. Molecular Mechanisms of HIV Immune Evasion of the Innate Immune Response in Myeloid Cells. Viruses. 2013; 5(1):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mashiba, Mike; Collins, Kathleen L. 2013. "Molecular Mechanisms of HIV Immune Evasion of the Innate Immune Response in Myeloid Cells." Viruses 5, no. 1: 1-14.

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