Vanadium Pentoxide Nanobelt-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheet Composites as High-Performance Pseudocapacitive Electrodes: ac Impedance Spectroscopy Data Modeling and Theoretical Calculations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology, Materials, Methods and Characterization
2.1. Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrode Preparation
2.2. Sample Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microscopic Structural Characterization
3.2. Electrochemical Properties and Impedance Data Simulation
3.3. Density Functional Theory Simulations
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Electrode Material | V2O5 Mass (mg) | GO Mass (mg) | Total Mass (mg) | Temperature (°C)/Time (h) | Concentration (mg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rGOHT | 0 | 20 | 20 | 180/6 | 0.5 |
V1G1 | 20 | 20 | 40 | 120/24 | 1 |
V1G3 | 10 | 30 | 40 | 120/24 | 1 |
V3G1 | 30 | 10 | 40 | 120/24 | 1 |
Electrode Material | Rs (Ω) | Cdl (F) | Rct (Ω) | ZW (Ω) | D (cm2·s−1) | k (s−1) | Error (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VO | 0.593 | 0.163 | 2.60 | 0.017 | 2.73 × 10−5 | 6.55 × 10−4 | 8 |
rGO | 0.780 | 0.204 | 1.50 | 0.023 | 5.11 × 10−5 | 30.0 × 10−3 | 4 |
rGOHT | 0.002 | 0.178 | 1.52 | 0.023 | 5.13 × 10−5 | 20.45 × 10−3 | 7 |
V1G1 | 0.270 | 0.082 | 0.110 | 0.120 | 2.70 × 10−5 | 27.73 × 10−3 | 11 |
V1G3 | 0.091 | 0.311 | 0.870 | 0.107 | 7.62 × 10−5 | 8.36 × 10−3 | 11 |
V3G1 | 0.145 | 0.270 | 0.780 | 0.054 | 7.62 × 10−5 | 7.77 × 10−3 | 10 |
Electrode Material | Rs (Ω) | Ce (F) | Rct (Ω) | Qo (Ω/s) | n | Yo (Ω−1) | ZW (Ω) | Error (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VO | 0.955 | 0. 304 | 4.170 | 0.0060 | 0.623 | 0.170 | 4.17 | 0.017 |
rGO | 1.519 | 0.345 | 0.678 | 0.0035 | 0.650 | 0.311 | 2.27 | 0.023 |
rGOHT | 0.937 | 0.323 | 1.199 | 0.006 | 0.653 | 0.259 | 2.73 | 0.023 |
V1G1 | 0.702 | 0.257 | 10.40 | 0.0057 | 0.665 | 0.160 | 4.43 | 0.120 |
V1G3 | 0.766 | 0.692 | 1.756 | 0.0057 | 0.687 | 0.527 | 1.34 | 0.107 |
V3G1 | 0.777 | 0.581 | 2.156 | 0.1145 | 0.626 | 0.462 | 1.53 | 0.054 |
Structure | Charge Changes | ||
---|---|---|---|
Adsorbate Orbital Populations Per Atom | Overall Charge Transferred to Graphene Support | ||
O/Graphene 1 | - | O-2s = 1.92 e | −0.56 e |
- | O-2p = 4.64 e | - | |
VO2/Graphene 2 | V-4s = 0.05 e | - | 0.19 e |
V-4p = 0.29 e | O-2s = 1.96 e | - | |
V-3d = 3.48 e | O-2p = 4.47 e | - | |
V2O5/Graphene 2 | V-4s = 0.06 e | - | −0.07 e |
V-4p = 0.21 e | O-2s = 1.95 e | - | |
V-3d = 3.33 e | O-2p = 4.57 e | - |
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Gupta, S.; Aberg, B.; Carrizosa, S.B.; Dimakis, N. Vanadium Pentoxide Nanobelt-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheet Composites as High-Performance Pseudocapacitive Electrodes: ac Impedance Spectroscopy Data Modeling and Theoretical Calculations. Materials 2016, 9, 615. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9080615
Gupta S, Aberg B, Carrizosa SB, Dimakis N. Vanadium Pentoxide Nanobelt-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheet Composites as High-Performance Pseudocapacitive Electrodes: ac Impedance Spectroscopy Data Modeling and Theoretical Calculations. Materials. 2016; 9(8):615. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9080615
Chicago/Turabian StyleGupta, Sanju, Bryce Aberg, Sara B. Carrizosa, and Nicholas Dimakis. 2016. "Vanadium Pentoxide Nanobelt-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheet Composites as High-Performance Pseudocapacitive Electrodes: ac Impedance Spectroscopy Data Modeling and Theoretical Calculations" Materials 9, no. 8: 615. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9080615