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• Schopka, S
• Schmid, T
• Schmid, C
• Lehle, K
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• Schmid, T
• Schmid, C
• Lehle, K
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• Schmid, T
• Schmid, C
• Lehle, K

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Materials 2010, 3(1), 638-655; doi:10.3390/ma3010638

Review

Current Strategies in Cardiovascular Biomaterial Functionalization

Simon Schopka ^1,* , Thomas Schmid ² , Christof Schmid ¹  and Karla Lehle ¹

¹ Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany ² German Aerospace Center, Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics Robotic and Mechatronic Robotic Systems, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling, Germany

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 11 November 2009; in revised form: 15 January 2010 / Accepted: 20 January 2010 / Published: 22 January 2010

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatibility of Materials)

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Abstract: Prevention of the coagulation cascade and platelet activation is the foremost demand for biomaterials in contact with blood. In this review we describe the underlying mechanisms of these processes and offer the current state of antithrombotic strategies. We give an overview of methods to prevent protein and platelet adhesion, as well as techniques to immobilize biochemically active molecules on biomaterial surfaces. Finally, recent strategies in biofunctionalization by endothelial cell seeding as well as their possible clinical applications are discussed.

Keywords: tissue engineering; cardiovascular; biomaterials; biofunctionalization

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