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Materials 2009, 2(3), 1341-1387; doi:10.3390/ma2031341

Review

Increased Biocompatibility and Bioactivity after Energetic PVD Surface Treatments

Stephan Mändl

Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany

Received: 29 June 2009; in revised form: 31 August 2009 / Accepted: 18 September 2009 / Published: 21 September 2009

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatibility of Materials)

Download PDF Full-Text [2497 KB, uploaded 21 September 2009 08:30 CEST]

Abstract: Ion implantation, a common technology in semiconductor processing, has been applied to biomaterials since the 1960s. Using energetic ion bombardment, a general term which includes conventional ion implantation plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) and ion beam assisted thin film deposition, functionalization of surfaces is possible. By varying and adjusting the process parameters, several surface properties can be attuned simultaneously. Extensive research details improvements in the biocompatibility, mainly by reducing corrosion rates and increasing wear resistance after surface modification. Recently, enhanced bioactivity strongly correlated with the surface topography and less with the surface chemistry has been reported, with an increased roughness on the nanometer scale induced by self-organisation processes during ion bombardment leading to faster cellular adhesion processes.

Keywords: ion implantation; surface topography; biocompatibility; wear; corrosion

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