The Effect of Effluent Recirculation in a Semi-Continuous Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Inoculums
2.2. Experimental Set-Up
2.2.1. Reactors
2.2.2. Reactors Seeding and Start Up
2.2.3. Reactors Configuration
2.2.4. Experimental Procedure
Stage | OLR (gVS/L/day) | HRT in CSTR (day) | HRT in UASB (day) | Duration (day) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2.0 | 10.0 | 7.50 | 30.0 |
2 | 2.7 | 7.5 | 5.62 | 30.0 |
3 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 3.75 | 15.0 |
4 | 8.0 | 2.5 | 1.88 | 8.0 |
5 | 10 | 2.0 | 1.50 | 6.0 |
6 | 20 | 1.0 | 0.75 | 6.0 |
2.2.5. Analytical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Gas Production
3.1.1. Biogas Production in Open System (without Effluent Recirculation)
3.1.2. Biogas Production in Closed System (with Effluent Recirculation)
3.2. COD and Its Removal
3.2.1. Open System
Substate | OLR (gVS/L/day) | COD (mg/L) | COD removal efficiency (%) | COD (mg/L) | COD removal efficiency (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Open system | Closed system | ||||||
CSTR | UASB | CSTR | UASB | ||||
Cotton | 2 | 3,259 ± 638 | 1,194 ± 95 | 61.9 ± 16.3 | 4,204 ± 742 | 1,958 ± 791 | 49.2 ± 21.6 |
2.7 | 3,699 ± 844 | 229 ± 82 | 93.3 ± 3.5 | 2,651 ± 572 | 1,525 ± 172 | 39.4 ± 16.5 | |
4 | 3,241 ± 545 | 196 ± 33 | 93.9 ± 1.8 | 2,571 ± 204 | 1,476 ± 357 | 45.6 ± 15.9 | |
Starch | 2 | 4,324 ± 1,345 | 1,308 ± 335 | 69.7 ± 14.2 | 5,041 ± 430 | 3,273 ± 674 | 35.0 ± 12.8 |
2.7 | 9,034 ± 1,127 | 317 ± 143 | 96.49 ± 1.2 | 4,463 ± 626 | 3,353 ± 374 | 24.8 ± 16.2 | |
4 | 19,500 ± 2,493 | 350 ± 165 | 98.2 ± 2.1 | 4,396 ± 565 | 3,051 ± 494 | 30.5 ± 7.8 | |
8 | 21,450 ± 2,185 | 708 ± 186 | 96.6 ± 2.7 | 17,865 ± 2,767 | 3,091 ± 423 | 82.69 ± 3.8 | |
10 | 27,716 ± 1,606 | 876 ± 270 | 96.8 ± 1.3 | 25,833 ± 3,333 | 3,995 ± 873 | 84.5 ± 4.2 | |
20 | 23,800 ± 2,347 | 898 ± 98 | 96.2 ± 2.5 | 12,516 ± 2,171 | 3,256 ± 658 | 73.9 ± 9.5 |
3.2.2. Closed System
3.3. Effect of Nutrients
3.4. Ratio of Methane to Carbon Dioxide
Substrate | OLR (gVS/L/day) | Ratio of methane to carbon dioxide | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Open system | Closed system | ||||
CSTR | UASB | CSTR | UASB | ||
Cotton | 2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 0.4 |
2.7 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | |
4 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.0 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | |
Starch | 2 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 4.1 ± 0.6 |
2.7 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.0 | 3.4 ± 0.2 | |
4 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 3.4 ± 0.1 | |
8 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | |
10 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.4 | |
20 | 0.07 ± 0.04 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.8 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Aslanzadeh, S.; Rajendran, K.; Jeihanipour, A.; Taherzadeh, M.J. The Effect of Effluent Recirculation in a Semi-Continuous Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion System. Energies 2013, 6, 2966-2981. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6062966
Aslanzadeh S, Rajendran K, Jeihanipour A, Taherzadeh MJ. The Effect of Effluent Recirculation in a Semi-Continuous Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion System. Energies. 2013; 6(6):2966-2981. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6062966
Chicago/Turabian StyleAslanzadeh, Solmaz, Karthik Rajendran, Azam Jeihanipour, and Mohammad J. Taherzadeh. 2013. "The Effect of Effluent Recirculation in a Semi-Continuous Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion System" Energies 6, no. 6: 2966-2981. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6062966