Long-Term Effects of Self-Control on Alcohol Use and Sexual Behavior among Urban Minority Young Women
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Co-Morbidity of High Risk Drinking and Sexual Behavior
1.2. The Development and Expression of Self-Control
1.3. A Focus on Urban Minority Women
1.4. Study Goals
2. Methods
2.1. Sample
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.4. Data Analysis Plan
3. Results
3.1. Attrition Analyses
3.2. Prevalence of Young Adult High-Risk Behaviors
3.3. LCA Results
Number of classes | Log-likelihood (L2) | BIC-L2 | AIC-L2 | Npar/DF | G2 | L2/df | p-value a | %ERb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-class | 2548.2 | 5148.7 | 5112.4 | 8/238 | 880.3 | 10.71 | 0.0000 | 0.000 |
2-class | 2216.3 | 4543.7 | 4466.6 | 17/238 | 472.1 | 9.31 | 0.0000 | 0.087 |
3-class | 2060.1 | 4290.3 | 4172.3 | 26/229 | 159.8 | 8.99 | 0.9829 | 0.081 |
4-class | 2038.6 | 4306.0 | 4147.1 | 35/220 | 116.7 | 9.26 | 1.0 | 0.800 |
5-class | 2022.1 | 4332.0 | 4132.2 | 44/211 | 83.8 | 9.58 | 1.0 | 0.794 |
6-class | 2014.8 | 4376.1 | 4135.5 | 53/202 | 69.1 | 9.97 | 1.0 | 0.790 |
7-class | 2009.2 | 4423.9 | 4142.4 | 62/193 | 57.9 | 10.41 | 1.0 | 0.790 |
8-class | 2005.1 | 4474.4 | 4152.1 | 71/184 | 49.6 | 10.89 | 1.0 | 0.787 |
9-class | 2001.3 | 4525.8 | 4162.7 | 80/175 | 42.2 | 11.44 | 1.0 | 0.785 |
10-class | 1997.4 | 4576.9 | 4172.8 | 89/166 | 34.4 | 12.03 | 1.0 | 0.784 |
Model 1: Unconstrained | Model 2: Constrained | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | |
Black Participants | ||||||
Proportion | 0.033 | 0.113 | 0.304 | 0.033 | 0.118 | 0.299 |
Count (N = 312) | 23 | 78 | 211 | 23 | 82 | 207 |
7% | 25% | 68% | 7% | 26% | 66% | |
Item Probabilities (for higher risk responding) | ||||||
Drinking Frequency (Alc1) | 0.348 | 0.413 | 0.046 | 0.263 | 0.409 | 0.046 |
Drunkenness Frequency (Alc2) | 0.652 | 0.935 | 0.122 | 0.526 | 0.899 | 0.134 |
Drinking Quantity (per occasion) (Alc3) | 0.522 | 0.573 | 0.062 | 0.316 | 0.571 | 0.051 |
Binge Days in Past 3 Months (Alc4) | 0.696 | 0.760 | 0.111 | 0.544 | 0.766 | 0.102 |
# Sexual Partners (Sex1) | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Recent Sexual Partners (Sex2) | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
New Sexual Partners (Sex3) | 0.826 | 0.088 | 0.086 | 0.772 | 0.141 | 0.120 |
Sex Events w/ Non-Main Partner (Sex4) | 0.913 | 0.204 | 0.209 | 0.912 | 0.271 | 0.215 |
Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | |
Other Participants | ||||||
Proportion | 0.049 | 0.092 | 0.407 | 0.049 | 0.075 | 0.425 |
Count (N = 380) | 34 | 64 | 282 | 34 | 52 | 294 |
9% | 17% | 74% | 9% | 14% | 77% | |
Item Probabilities (for higher risk responding) | ||||||
Drinking Frequency (Alc1) | 0.206 | 0.371 | 0.035 | 0.263 | 0.409 | 0.046 |
Drunkenness Frequency (Alc2) | 0.441 | 0.734 | 0.133 | 0.526 | 0.899 | 0.134 |
Drinking Quantity (per occasion) (Alc3) | 0.176 | 0.475 | 0.038 | 0.316 | 0.571 | 0.051 |
Binge Days in Past 3 Months (Alc4) | 0.441 | 0.719 | 0.072 | 0.544 | 0.766 | 0.102 |
# Sexual Partners (Sex1) | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Recent Sexual Partners (Sex2) | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
New Sexual Partners (Sex3) | 0.735 | 0.281 | 0.125 | 0.772 | 0.141 | 0.120 |
Sex Events w/ Non-Main Partner (Sex4) | 0.912 | 0.438 | 0.195 | 0.912 | 0.271 | 0.215 |
3.4. Results of the MNR Model
Beta | p-value | Odds | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relative to Class 3 | ||||||
Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 1 | Class 2 | |
Black (Reference = Other) | 0.171 | 0.824 | 0.540 | 0.002 | 1.186 | 2.280 |
Psychosocial Markers (9th Grade) | ||||||
Risk-Taking | −0.058 | 0.180 | 0.712 | 0.154 | 0.944 | 1.197 |
Social Confidence | 0.247 | 0.108 | 0.091 | 0.407 | 1.280 | 1.114 |
Self-Esteem | 0.390 | −0.197 | 0.108 | 0.210 | 1.477 | 0.821 |
Self-Control | −0.571 | −0.275 | 0.002 | 0.101 | 0.565 | 0.760 |
Covariates (9th Grade) | ||||||
Grades In School | 0.215 | −0.034 | 0.128 | 0.818 | 1.240 | 0.967 |
Free School Lunch | 0.102 | −0.426 | 0.721 | 0.094 | 1.107 | 0.653 |
Nuclear Family | −0.611 | 0.081 | 0.038 | 0.731 | 0.543 | 1.084 |
4. Discussion
4.1. Implications for Self-Control and Addictive Behaviors
4.2. Strengths and Limitations
4.3. Directions for Future Research
Acknowledgements
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Griffin, K.W.; Scheier, L.M.; Acevedo, B.; Grenard, J.L.; Botvin, G.J. Long-Term Effects of Self-Control on Alcohol Use and Sexual Behavior among Urban Minority Young Women. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9010001
Griffin KW, Scheier LM, Acevedo B, Grenard JL, Botvin GJ. Long-Term Effects of Self-Control on Alcohol Use and Sexual Behavior among Urban Minority Young Women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2012; 9(1):1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleGriffin, Kenneth W., Lawrence M. Scheier, Bianca Acevedo, Jerry L. Grenard, and Gilbert J. Botvin. 2012. "Long-Term Effects of Self-Control on Alcohol Use and Sexual Behavior among Urban Minority Young Women" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9, no. 1: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9010001