Is Women’s Engagement in Women’s Development Groups Associated with Enhanced Utilization of Maternal and Neonatal Health Services? A Cross-Sectional Study in Ethiopia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Data Source
2.3. Measurements
Outcome Variables
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Background Characteristics of Study Participants
3.2. Knowledge of Pregnancy Danger Signs
3.3. Factors Associated with Antenatal Care, Facility Delivery, and Postnatal Care
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | N = 896 (%) |
---|---|
Education level of women | |
No education | 460 (51.3) |
Educated | 436 (48.7) |
Religion | |
Orthodox Christians | 450 (50.2) |
Protestant Christians | 138 (15.4) |
Muslim | 299 (33.4) |
Other | 9 (1.0) |
Marital status (n = 891) a | |
Non-married | 13 (1.5) |
Married/In a union | 845 (94.8) |
Divorced/Widowed | 33 (3.7) |
Birth order (n = 892) b | |
One child | 129 (14.5) |
Two or three children | 306 (34.3) |
Four or more children | 457 (51.2) |
Received antenatal care | 685 (76.5) |
Had a facility delivery | 464 (51.8) |
Received postnatal care in the first month after delivery | 155 (17.3) |
WDG contact (one year prior to the survey) | |
Neither WDG leader nor had contact | 817 (91.2) |
Had WDG contact but not a WDG leader or was a WDG leader | 79 (8.8) |
Characteristics | Continuum of Maternal and Neonatal Health Services | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antenatal Care Service Utilization | Use of Facility Delivery | Utilization of Postnatal Care | |||||||
Yes (%) (n = 685) | No (%) (n = 211) | p-Value b | Yes (%) (n = 464) | No (%) (n = 432) | p-Value b | Yes (%) (n = 155) | No (%) (n = 741) | p-Value b | |
WDG a contact | 0.001 * | 0.013 * | 0.317 | ||||||
Neither WDG leader nor had contact | 613 (75.0) | 204 (25.0) | 413 (50.6) | 404 (49.4) | 138 (16.9) | 679 (83.1) | |||
Had WDG contact but not WDG leader, or WDG leader | 72 (91.1) | 7 (8.9) | 51 (64.6) | 28 (35.4) | 17 (21.5) | 62 (78.5) | |||
Education level of women | 0.006 * | 0.017 * | 0.022 * | ||||||
No education | 333 (72.4) | 127 (27.6) | 217 (47.2) | 243 (52.8) | 65 (14.1) | 395 (85.9) | |||
Educated | 352 (80.7) | 84 (19.3) | 247 (56.7) | 189 (43.3) | 90 (20.6) | 346 (79.4) | |||
Religion ** | <0.000 * | <0.000 * | 0.581 | ||||||
Orthodox | 388 (86.2) | 62 (13.8) | 316 (70.2) | 134 (29.8) | 86 (19.1) | 364 (80.9) | |||
Protestant | 108 (78.3) | 30 (21.7) | 49 (35.5) | 89 (64.5) | 22 (15.9) | 116 (84.1) | |||
Muslim | 184 (61.5) | 115 (38.5) | 96 (32.1) | 203 (67.9) | 46 (15.4) | 253 (84.6) | |||
Other | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | 3 (33.3) | 6 (66.7) | 1 (11.1) | 8 (88.9) | |||
Economic status | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | ||||||
Wealth quintile one | 148 (62.5) | 89 (37.6) | 70 (29.5) | 167 (70.5) | 22 (9.3) | 215 (90.7) | |||
Wealth quintile two | 138 (78.9) | 37 (21.1) | 81 (46.3) | 94 (53.7) | 20 (11.4) | 155 (88.6) | |||
Wealth quintile three | 131 (79.9) | 33 (20.1) | 89 (54.3) | 75 (45.7) | 31 (18.9) | 133 (81.1) | |||
Wealth quintile four | 127 (76.5) | 39 (23.5) | 97 (58.4) | 69 (41.6) | 33 (19.9) | 133 (80.1) | |||
Wealth quintile five | 141 (91.6) | 13 (8.4) | 127 (82.5) | 27 (17.5) | 49 (31.8) | 105 (68.2) | |||
Marital status ** | n = 681 | n = 210 | 0.741 | n = 462 | n = 429 | 0.215 | n = 154 | n = 737 | 0.392 |
Non-married | 9 (69.2) | 4 (30.8) | 6 (46.2) | 7 (53.8) | 3 (23.1) | 10 (76.9) | |||
Married/union | 647 (76.6) | 198 (23.4) | 434 (51.4) | 411 (48.6) | 148 (17.5) | 697 (82.5) | |||
Divorced/widowed | 25 (75.8) | 8 (24.2) | 22 (66.7) | 11 (33.3) | 3 (9.1) | 30 (90.9) | |||
Birth order | n = 684 | n = 208 | 0.418 | n = 463 | n = 429 | <0.000 * | n = 155 | n = 737 | 0.077 |
One child | 105 (81.4) | 24 (18.6) | 91 (70.4) | 38 (29.6) | 31 (24.0) | 98 (76.0) | |||
Two or three children | 233 (75.2) | 73 (24.8) | 161 (52.6) | 145 (47.4) | 53 (17.3) | 253 (82.7) | |||
Four or more children | 346 (75.7) | 111 (24.3) | 211 (46.2) | 246 (53.8) | 71 (15.5) | 386 (84.5) |
WDG a Contact | Utilization of Maternal and Neonatal Health Services | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antenatal Care Service Utilization | Use of Facility Delivery | Utilization of Postnatal Care | |||||||
OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) b | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) c | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) d | p-Value | |
Neither WDG a leader nor had contact | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
WDG a leader or had WDG contact but not WDG leader | 3.34 (1.56, 7.51) | 2.82 (1.23, 6.45) | 0.014 | 1.78 (1.12, 2.82) | 1.34 (0.77, 2.32) | 0.301 | 1.37 (0.75, 2.44) | 1.24 (0.64, 2.39) | 0.510 |
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Gebregizabher, F.A.; Medhanyie, A.A.; Bezabih, A.M.; Persson, L.Å.; Abegaz, D.B. Is Women’s Engagement in Women’s Development Groups Associated with Enhanced Utilization of Maternal and Neonatal Health Services? A Cross-Sectional Study in Ethiopia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021351
Gebregizabher FA, Medhanyie AA, Bezabih AM, Persson LÅ, Abegaz DB. Is Women’s Engagement in Women’s Development Groups Associated with Enhanced Utilization of Maternal and Neonatal Health Services? A Cross-Sectional Study in Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021351
Chicago/Turabian StyleGebregizabher, Fisseha Ashebir, Araya Abrha Medhanyie, Afework Mulugeta Bezabih, Lars Åke Persson, and Della Berhanu Abegaz. 2023. "Is Women’s Engagement in Women’s Development Groups Associated with Enhanced Utilization of Maternal and Neonatal Health Services? A Cross-Sectional Study in Ethiopia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 1351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021351