Changes of Multiple Metal Accumulation (MMA) in New Orleans Soil: Preliminary Evaluation of Differences between Survey I (1992) and Survey II (2000)
Abstract
:Introduction
Methods
Sample Collection
Survey I
Survey II
Laboratory Methods
Comparison of the 0.4 and 4.0 g methods
Geographic Information Science (GIS) evaluation
Results
Discussion
Preliminary Conclusions
Metal | A | B |
---|---|---|
Pb | 5.650 | 0.885 |
Zn | 1.160 | 1.202 |
Cd | 0.590 | 1.136 |
Mn | 0.710 | 1.112 |
Ni | −0.050 | 1.125 |
Cu | 3.464 | 1.010 |
Cr | −0.027 | 1.376 |
V | −0.384 | 1.285 |
Survey I | Survey II | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | N | Type | N | ||||||
Street Side | 2,923 | Street Side | 2,538 | ||||||
Busy Street | NA | Busy Street | 1,072 | ||||||
Open Space | 286 | Open Space | 959 | ||||||
Foundation | 802 | Foundation | 891 | ||||||
Missing | 15 | Missing | 7 | ||||||
Total | 4,026 | Total | 5,467 | ||||||
Survey I | |||||||||
N = 4011 | Pb | Zn | Cd | Mn | Cr | Ni | V | Cu | MMA |
Min | 18 | 5 | 0.1 | 3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 3 | 38 |
10% | 30 | 32 | 1 | 65 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 189 |
25% | 53 | 63 | 2 | 94 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 10 | 289 |
Median | 134 | 144 | 3 | 136 | 3 | 11 | 4 | 17 | 504 |
75% | 334 | 336 | 6 | 188 | 4 | 14 | 6 | 32 | 950 |
90% | 799 | 781 | 8 | 247 | 7 | 18 | 8 | 58 | 1,908 |
Max | 183,588 | 28,235 | 94 | 1,060 | 242 | 2,140 | 34 | 9,889 | 194,702 |
Survey II* | |||||||||
N = 4388 | Pb | Zn | Cd | Mn | Cr | Ni | V | Cu | MMA |
Min | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
10% | 12 | 32 | 1 | 60 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 150 |
25% | 32 | 64 | 1 | 88 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 9 | 242 |
Median | 100 | 146 | 2 | 134 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 16 | 452 |
75% | 390 | 378 | 4 | 191 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 32 | 1,051 |
90% | 1,225 | 989 | 5 | 247 | 6 | 13 | 8 | 59 | 2,648 |
Max | 52,798 | 17,857 | 84 | 1,279 | 157 | 3,152 | 30 | 6,745 | 66,580 |
*minus busy streets | |||||||||
Alluvium | |||||||||
N = 141 | Pb | Zn | Cd | Mn | Cr | Ni | V | Cu | MMA |
Min | 0.4 | 6 | 0.4 | 22 | 0.3 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 35 |
10% | 2 | 7 | 0.5 | 50 | 0.4 | 2 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 64 |
25% | 3 | 8 | 0.7 | 78 | 0.5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 99 |
Median | 5 | 11 | 0.9 | 144 | 0.7 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 173 |
75% | 8 | 17 | 1 | 317 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 363 |
90% | 12 | 30 | 1 | 503 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 556 |
Max | 23 | 91 | 3 | 874 | 23 | 11 | 11 | 15 | 1,030 |
Acknowledgements
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Mielke, H.W.; Gonzales, C.; Powell, E.; Mielke, P.W., Jr. Changes of Multiple Metal Accumulation (MMA) in New Orleans Soil: Preliminary Evaluation of Differences between Survey I (1992) and Survey II (2000). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2005, 2, 308-313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005020016
Mielke HW, Gonzales C, Powell E, Mielke PW Jr. Changes of Multiple Metal Accumulation (MMA) in New Orleans Soil: Preliminary Evaluation of Differences between Survey I (1992) and Survey II (2000). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2005; 2(2):308-313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005020016
Chicago/Turabian StyleMielke, Howard W., Christopher Gonzales, Eric Powell, and Paul W. Mielke, Jr. 2005. "Changes of Multiple Metal Accumulation (MMA) in New Orleans Soil: Preliminary Evaluation of Differences between Survey I (1992) and Survey II (2000)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2, no. 2: 308-313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005020016