Matrix of Architectural Solutions for the Conflict between Transport Infrastructures, Landscape and Urban Habitat along the Mediterranean Coastline: The Case of the Maresme Region in Barcelona, Spain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Hypothesis, Objectives and Case Study: The Maritime and Urban Landscapes of the Maresme Region
- Freedom of movement: the rationalization of mobility and accessibility, ensuring the continuity of pedestrian routes and road paths; pacification of circulation systems; promotion of sustainable and healthy mobility (cycles and pedestrians) and introduction of new types of transport to diversify and unload its intensity [26].
- Sight continuity: the consideration of long-distance views between urban and coastal landscapes; preservation of the continuity of the horizon from inland and definition of the maritime façade and its appearance from the sea [27].
- Compatibility of uses: strengthening the heterogenous character of the littoral; promotion of economic diversity considering existing uses and setting their physical and temporal combination with the new ones and transformation of obsolete buildings and areas with potential for urban regeneration [28].
- Character of place: preservation of historic and natural sites, namely those important for the memory of the place; identification of traditional characteristics related to urban and agricultural structures and the introduction of these activities to the new dynamics of the territory [29].
- Mediterranean culture: the reinforcement of traditional sustainability criteria used by local cultures and following their ways of living and the adoption of the Mediterranean passive systems and materials, including vegetation, to face climate conditions in the design of buildings and public spaces [30].
3. Methodology
3.1. Mediterranean Strategies Methodology
3.1.1. Analysis and Classification of Problematics
3.1.2. Regeneration Projects
3.1.3. Intervention Strategies
3.2. Research Lines’ Definitions
3.2.1. Longitudinal Continuity
3.2.2. Transversal Permeability
3.2.3. Urban Landscape
3.3. Setting of Action Variables
- Variable 1: the typology of occupations in the inner part of the infrastructures in relation to urban settlements and rural areas, considering activities and constructions;
- Variable 2: uses and landscape typologies in the outer part of the infrastructures in relation to the coastline and activities related with the sea, leisure and landscape;
- Variable 3: the topographic difference between both sides of the infrastructures, which is variable along the coastline and defines the conditions for the connection between villages and the sea;
- Variable 4: the distance from the sea and the first line occupied on the inner side of the infrastructures, which is variable along the coastline and defines the relation with the urban habitat from villages toward the sea.
4. Results
4.1. Urban Regeneration Projects
4.1.1. Downtown of Premià de Mar
4.1.2. Stop on the Beach of Vilassar-Cabrera
4.1.3. Railway Station of Mataró
4.1.4. Stream Mouth in Llavaneres
4.2. Intervention Strategies
4.2.1. Longitudinal Continuity Strategies
- Reduce the road width, with one lane in each direction and an auxiliary third one;
- Widen and urbanize the urban sidewalks to ease the introduction of large courtyards for better access to underground passages;
- Widen the sidewalk between the N-II road and the railway by getting rid of the concrete protections (New Jerseys), and small courtyards and staircases can provide light and access to underground passages;
- Ensure continuity for pedestrians and bicycles by means of a two-way greenway along the seaside;
- Connect the seafront with the inner side of the infrastructures, with a regular distribution of underground passages at a local scale and green corridors through the main streams at a regional scale;
- Transform railway protections at the seaside (i.e., in contact with the longitudinal greenway) using stone gabions and vegetation;
- Foster longitudinal light mobility with a regular distribution of facilities related to bicycles, beach services and renewable energy generation;
- Promote alternative public transport systems such as bike rentals or ferries between Maresme villages and Barcelona;
- Construction of lightweight docks to protect beaches from sea storms, provide service to ferries and show a new sight of the coast as a leisure and tourism landmark.
4.2.2. Transversal Permeability Strategies
- Transform existing underground passages instead of building new ones;
- Use the most suitable existing passages in relation to flood prevention (i.e., those that are not directly facing a street toward the sea);
- Provide universal accessibility to all underground passages by means of staircases, ramps and elevators;
- Prevent the direct entrance of rainwater by means of massive handrails and topographical modification of access routes to underground passages;
- Improve the ambience of these passages to make them more secure and comfortable by widening them and adding natural light and ventilation, and as the N-II road is reduced, the passages’ lengths will decrease equally;
- Enlarge access paths to underground passages, with two on both sides and one in the middle;
- Use vertical elements in the access points, such as elevators or wind turbines, to create a recognizable landmark repeated regularly along the coast;
- Add regular footbridges related to light constructions to solve high unevenness;
- Offer new uses for the basements of public buildings related to underground passages, such as adding courtyards and vegetation (e.g., station lobbies and access to platforms);
- Modify underground passages for vehicles to move from motorway aesthetics toward a more urban one, with pavement and furniture such as those in public spaces.
4.2.3. Urban Landscape Strategies
- Add new activities to obsolete buildings, parking lodgments and huge commercial complexes in the seafront to highlight them as catalysts for urban regeneration;
- Recognize historic railway stations as part of the collective memory of each place and connect their basements to underground passages, creating activity nodes;
- Open the ground floors of public buildings toward adjacent urban spaces to enhance recognition and active use of these facilities;
- Organize facilities, parking lodgments, stations, commercial areas and beach services by means of lightweight prefabricated constructions that are easy to dismantle;
- Rethink the urban character of nautical clubs and marinas to enhance the continuity of seaside greenways as landmark elements;
- Transform the boundaries of private enclosures (such as campsites, sports fields and nautical clubs) into wide edges with vegetation related to the littoral landscape.
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Methodology | Analytical Stage | Proposal Stage |
---|---|---|
Analysis | (1) Analysis of the territory, history, culture, economy and traditions | (2) Identification and classification of typological problematics |
Regeneration projects | (3) Selection of representative case studies and context analysis | (4) Proposal of transformation, specific models and solutions and typologies |
Intervention strategies | (5) Four types of solutions: site, project, construction and climate | (6) Definition of action guidelines for unitarian territorial regeneration |
Longitudinal Continuity | Transversal Permeability | Urban Landscape |
---|---|---|
L1_Parking lodgments | T1_Beach stream mouths | P1_Railway stations |
L2_Inadequate pavement | T2_Vehicle underground passage | P2_Abandoned factories |
L3_Seafront not urbanized | T3_Pedestrian underground ways | P3_Parking lodgments |
L4_Streams | T4_Elevated footbridges | P4_Temporary beach buildings |
L5_Railway stations | T5_Railroad crossing | P5_Nautical clubs and facilities |
L6_Broken pathways | T6_Station underground passages | P6_Footbridges |
L7_Vehicle underground passage | T7_ Pedestrian private passages | P7_Roundabouts |
L8_End of pathway | T8_Natural streams | P8_Marinas |
L9_Topographic change | T9_Elevated vehicle passages | P9_Factories and commercial |
L10_Seafront facilities | T10_Natural footbridges | P10_Abandoned urban voids |
P11_Campsites |
Variable 1 | Variable 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|
V1A_Large urban consolidated | V1F_Crops | V2A_Marina | V2F_Beach |
V1B_Small urban consolidated | V1G_Transport | V2B_Fish harbor | V2G_Parking/Rocks |
V1C_Isolated urbanconsolidated | V1H_Leisure nature | V2C_Seafront/Beach | V2H_Rocks |
V1D_Urban campsite | V2D_Circulations/Parking/Beach | V2I_Seafront/Rocks | |
V1E_Industry | V2E_Parking/Beach | V2J_Seafront/Rock/Beach | |
Variable 3 | Topographic difference between both sides | ||
Variable 4 | Distance between inhabited urban front and the beach |
Case Study | Problematics 1 | Variables |
---|---|---|
Downtown of Premià de Mar | L3 T1 + T3 P4 + P10 | V1H + V2C + V3 + V4 |
Stop on the beach of Vilassar-Cabrera | L1 + L3 + L7 T1 + T2 + T3 + T6 P3 + P4 + P5 | V1A + V2D + V3 + V4 |
Railway station of Mataró | L1 + L5 + L10 T3 + T5 + T6 P1 + P10 | V1B + V2A + V3 + V4 |
Stream mouth in Llavaneres | L3 + L4 + L7 + L10 T8 + T3 + T2 + T1 P4 + P5 + P10 | V1H + V2C + V3 + V4 |
Case Studies | Standardized Solutions |
---|---|
Downtown of Premià de Mar | 1A + 2A + 3A |
Stop on the beach of Vilassar-Cabrera | 1A + 2A + 4B |
Railway station of Mataró | 1A + 2A + 4A |
Stream mouth in Llavaneres | 1A + 2B + 3B + 3C |
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Martínez, A.; Martín, X.; Gordon, J. Matrix of Architectural Solutions for the Conflict between Transport Infrastructures, Landscape and Urban Habitat along the Mediterranean Coastline: The Case of the Maresme Region in Barcelona, Spain. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189750
Martínez A, Martín X, Gordon J. Matrix of Architectural Solutions for the Conflict between Transport Infrastructures, Landscape and Urban Habitat along the Mediterranean Coastline: The Case of the Maresme Region in Barcelona, Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189750
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartínez, Anna, Xavier Martín, and Jordi Gordon. 2021. "Matrix of Architectural Solutions for the Conflict between Transport Infrastructures, Landscape and Urban Habitat along the Mediterranean Coastline: The Case of the Maresme Region in Barcelona, Spain" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189750