Seroprevalence and Determinants Associated with Mumps Antibodies after 20 Years of MMR Vaccination in Urban Area of Shanghai, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Serological Survey
2.3. Laboratory Testing
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Seroprevalence and GMCs of Mumps Antibodies
3.2. Vaccination Coverage and Mumps Seroprevalence
3.3. Waning Immunity of Mumps
3.4. Determinants for Seronegativity of Mumps Antibodies
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age | Total | Males | Females | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % (95% CI) | U/mL (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | U/mL (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | U/mL (95% CI) | |
1–3 months | 52 | 44 (30–59) | 82 (62–109) | 23 | 35 (16–57) | 79 (50–126) | 29 | 52 (33–71) | 85 (59–121) |
4–6 months | 128 | 5 (2–10) | 25 (21–29) | 65 | 6 (2–15) | 26 (21–32) | 63 | 3 (0–11) | 24 (19–30) |
7–11 months | 69 | 1 (0–8) | 14 (12–17) | 38 | 0 (0-9) | 14 (12–16) | 31 | 3 (0–17) | 15 (12–20) |
12–18 months | 90 | 11 (5–19) | 17 (14–21) | 47 | 13 (5–26) | 19 (14–26) | 43 | 9 (3–22) | 16 (12–21) |
19–23 months | 50 | 90 (78–97) | 325 (230–460) | 31 | 90 (74–98) | 364 (236–562) | 19 | 89 (67–99) | 271 (145–505) |
2 years | 111 | 95 (89–98) | 364 (310–427) | 52 | 92 (81–98) | 329 (262–414) | 59 | 97 (88–100) | 398 (317–499) |
3 years | 48 | 96 (86–99) | 432 (313–596) | 23 | 96 (78–100) | 368 (218–621) | 25 | 96 (80–100) | 500 (328–761) |
4 years | 59 | 100 (94–100) | 1761 (1467–2114) | 26 | 100 (87–100) | 1731 (1344–2229) | 33 | 100 (89-100) | 1785 (1361–2341) |
5 years | 53 | 100 (93–100) | 992 (827–1190) | 29 | 100 (88–100) | 1057 (805–1388) | 24 | 100 (86-100) | 918 (716–1178) |
6 years | 82 | 99 (93–100) | 801 (656–978) | 52 | 100 (93–100) | 772 (634–939) | 30 | 97 (83–100) | 855 (549–1333) |
7 years | 53 | 100 (93–100) | 785 (641–961) | 33 | 100 (89–100) | 748 (580–965) | 20 | 100 (83–100) | 849 (591–1220) |
8 years | 55 | 98 (90–100) | 527 (437–636) | 29 | 100 (88–100) | 480 (375–614) | 26 | 96 (80–100) | 586 (434–790) |
9 years | 100 | 99 (95–100) | 404 (355–459) | 58 | 98 (91–100) | 387 (317–472) | 42 | 100 (92–100) | 428 (374–491) |
10 years | 124 | 94 (88–97) | 351 (308–399) | 66 | 91 (81–97) | 321 (269–382) | 58 | 97 (88–100) | 388 (320–471) |
11 years | 134 | 90 (84–95) | 288 (249–333) | 83 | 90 (82–96) | 271 (232–317) | 51 | 90 (79–97) | 316 (235–426) |
12 years | 120 | 88 (81–93) | 283 (244–329) | 68 | 85 (75–93) | 260 (211–321) | 52 | 92 (81–98) | 316 (256–389) |
13 years | 121 | 93 (87–97) | 300 (259–346) | 53 | 89 (77–96) | 295 (224–388) | 68 | 97 (90–100) | 303 (261–353) |
14-16 years | 185 | 92 (87–95) | 267 (240–297) | 95 | 88 (80–94) | 247 (212–288) | 90 | 96 (89–99) | 289 (250–335) |
17–19 years | 184 | 84 (78–89) | 229 (202–259) | 101 | 83 (74–90) | 217 (186–254) | 83 | 84 (75–91) | 244 (199–299) |
20–24 years | 98 | 85 (76–91) | 273 (217–344) | 56 | 84 (72–92) | 250 (181–346) | 42 | 85 (71–95) | 308 (220–430) |
25–29 years | 108 | 85 (77–91) | 281 (236–334) | 55 | 84 (71–92) | 248 (199–311) | 53 | 87 (75–95) | 319 (243–419) |
30–34 years | 95 | 88 (80–94) | 260 (220–307) | 50 | 88 (76–95) | 231 (185–288) | 45 | 89 (76–96) | 296 (230–382) |
35–39 years | 88 | 93 (86–97) | 266 (226–314) | 45 | 91 (79–96) | 243 (190–312) | 43 | 95 (84–99) | 293 (235–366) |
40–49 years | 155 | 91 (85–95) | 267 (230–310) | 50 | 94 (83–99) | 289 (229–364) | 105 | 90 (82–95) | 257 (212–312) |
50–59 years | 193 | 96 (93–99) | 333 (304–366) | 91 | 97 (91–99) | 321 (280-369) | 102 | 96 (90–99) | 345 (303–392) |
60 and above | 107 | 94 (88–98) | 334 (290–385) | 45 | 91 (79–98) | 292 (224–381) | 62 | 97 (89–100) | 368 (316–429) |
Total | 2662 | 82 (81–83) | 245 (233–257) | 1233 | 81 (79–83) | 234 (219–251) | 1199 | 83 (81–85) | 257 (239–275) |
Factors | n | Seronegativity (%, 95% CI) | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95%CI) | p Value | Adjusted OR * (95% CI) | p Value | |||
Sex | 0.128 | |||||
Male | 1364 | 19.1 (17.0–21.2) | 1.2 (0.96–1.4) | 1.4 (1.0–1.8) | 0.026 | |
Female | 1298 | 16.8 (14.8–18.9) | Reference | Reference | ||
Age (years) | <0.0001 | |||||
0–18 months | 339 | 88.2 (84.3–91.4) | 165.0 (86.5–315.0) | 165.6 (86.7–316.4) | <0.0001 | |
19–36 months | 209 | 6.2 (3.4–10.4) | 1.5 (0.7–3.2) | 1.4 (0.7–3.2) | 0.366 | |
4–9 | 402 | 0.7 (0.2–2.2) | 0.2 (0.0–0.6) | 0.2 (0.0–0.6) | 0.005 | |
10–12 | 378 | 9.3 (6.5–12.4) | 2.3 (1.2–4.3) | 2.2 (1.1–4.2) | 0.021 | |
13–16 | 306 | 7.5 (4.8–11.1) | 1.8 (0.9–3.6) | 1.8 (0.9–3.6) | 0.107 | |
17–19 | 184 | 16.3 (11.3–22.5) | 4.3 (2.2–8.5) | 4.2 (2.1–8.3) | <0.0001 | |
20–29 | 206 | 15.0 (10.5–20.7) | 3.9 (2.0–7.7) | 3.8 (1.9–7.5) | <0.0001 | |
30–39 | 183 | 9.3 (5.5–14.5) | 2.3 (1.1–4.8) | 2.2 (1.0–4.7) | 0.037 | |
40–49 | 155 | 9.0 (5.0–14.7) | 2.2 (1.0–4.8) | 2.3 (1.0–5.0) | 0.038 | |
≥50 | 300 | 4.3 (2.3–7.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
Household registration | 0.016 | |||||
Local | 1449 | 19.6 (17.6–21.7) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.435 | |
Migrant | 1213 | 16.0 (14.0–18.2) | Reference | Reference | ||
Number of vaccinations | <0.0001 | |||||
0 dose | 1180 | 32.0 (29.4–34.8) | 7.0 (4.3–11.5) | 139.8 (38.3–510.9) | <0.0001 | |
1 dose | 274 | 8.8 (5.7–12.8) | 1.4 (0.8–2.7) | 3.9 (1.7–9.0) | 0.001 | |
2 doses | 921 | 6.3 (4.8–8.1) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 1.7 (0.9–3.0) | 0.102 | |
3 doses | 287 | 6.3 (3.8–9.7) | Reference | Reference |
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Pang, H.; Zhou, Y.; Zhao, W.; Jiang, Q. Seroprevalence and Determinants Associated with Mumps Antibodies after 20 Years of MMR Vaccination in Urban Area of Shanghai, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102089
Pang H, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Jiang Q. Seroprevalence and Determinants Associated with Mumps Antibodies after 20 Years of MMR Vaccination in Urban Area of Shanghai, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(10):2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102089
Chicago/Turabian StylePang, Hong, Yibiao Zhou, Wensui Zhao, and Qingwu Jiang. 2018. "Seroprevalence and Determinants Associated with Mumps Antibodies after 20 Years of MMR Vaccination in Urban Area of Shanghai, China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10: 2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102089