Estimating the Excess Mortality Risk during Two Red Alert Periods in Beijing, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Setting and Air Pollution Data
2.2. Estimating Mortality Effects
2.3. Differences in PM2.5 Concentrations
2.4. Baseline Number of Mortality
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Air Pollutants | Red Alert Period | Reference I | Reference II | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concentration | Change (%) | Concentration | Change (%) | ||
8–12 December 2015 | |||||
PM2.5 (μg/m3) | 159.75 | 80.24 | 99.10 | 75.00 | 113.00 |
SO2 (μg/m3) | 23.96 | 29.33 | −18.32 | 150.00 | −84.03 |
NO2 (μg/m3) | 81.76 | 56.66 | 44.29 | 80.00 | 2.20 |
19–22 December 2015 | |||||
PM2.5 (μg/m3) | 226.04 | 61.92 | 265.06 | 75.00 | 201.39 |
SO2 (μg/m3) | 31.88 | 34.72 | −8.16 | 150.00 | −78.75 |
NO2 (μg/m3) | 104.65 | 62.28 | 68.03 | 80.00 | 30.81 |
Type, Reference | Reference I | Reference II | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
ΔMortality | 95% CI | ΔMortality | 95% CI | |
8–12 December 2015 | ||||
All-cause mortality | ||||
Guo, 2013 [26] | 26 | 6–47 | 25 | 6–44 |
Li, 2014 [2] | 42 | 30–55 | 39 | 28–51 |
Li, 2015 [25] | 28 | 18–41 | 26 | 17–38 |
CVD mortality | ||||
Dong, 2013 [31] | 34 | 3–65 | 32 | 3–61 |
Li, 2015 [25] | 14 | 7–21 | 13 | 7–19 |
Respiratory mortality | ||||
Li, 2013 [32] | 16 | 12–20 | 15 | 12–18 |
Li, 2015 [25] | 4 | 0–8 | 4 | 0–7 |
19–22 December 2015 | ||||
All-cause mortality | ||||
Guo, 2013 [26] | 40 | 10–72 | 35 | 8–62 |
Li, 2014 [2] | 65 | 46–84 | 55 | 39–72 |
Li, 2015 [25] | 43 | 28–63 | 37 | 24–54 |
CVD mortality | ||||
Dong, 2013 [31] | 53 | 5–100 | 45 | 4–86 |
Li, 2015 [25] | 22 | 11–32 | 19 | 9–27 |
Respiratory mortality | ||||
Li, 2013 [32] | 13 | 10–16 | 11 | 9–14 |
Li, 2015 [25] | 6 | 0–12 | 5 | 0–10 |
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Zeng, W.; Lang, L.; Li, Y.; Guo, L.; Lin, H.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, T.; Xiao, J.; Li, X.; Xu, Y.; et al. Estimating the Excess Mortality Risk during Two Red Alert Periods in Beijing, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010050
Zeng W, Lang L, Li Y, Guo L, Lin H, Zhang Y, Liu T, Xiao J, Li X, Xu Y, et al. Estimating the Excess Mortality Risk during Two Red Alert Periods in Beijing, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(1):50. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010050
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeng, Weilin, Lingling Lang, Yue Li, Lingchuan Guo, Hualiang Lin, Yonghui Zhang, Tao Liu, Jianpeng Xiao, Xing Li, Yanjun Xu, and et al. 2018. "Estimating the Excess Mortality Risk during Two Red Alert Periods in Beijing, China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 1: 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010050