Mortality in Miners with Coal-Workers’ Pneumoconiosis in the Czech Republic in the Period 1992–2013
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Data
2.2. Statistical Analyses
2.3. Ethical Consideration
3. Results
3.1. Description of the Cohort of Coal Miners with CWP
3.2. Description of the Cohort of Coal Miners without CWP and the Comparison of Both Cohorts
3.3. Total and Specific Mortality—Both Cohorts
3.4. Total and Specific Mortality According the Severity of CWP
4. Discussion
4.1. Mortality in Both Cohorts
4.2. Mortality According to the Severity of CWP
4.3. Comparison with Other Studies
4.4. Lung Cancer
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category of CWP | Number | % | Age at Study Entry 1 (Year) | Length of Exposure (Year) | Proportion of Smokers 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | % | |||
Without CWP | 6687 | 100% | 44.0 | 6.3 | 22.9 | 5.9 | 67.3% |
With CWP | 3476 | 100% | 49.7 | 12.39 | 20.7 | 7.80 | 66.6% |
iCWP | 606 | 17% | 40.4 | 6.92 | 18.1 | 6.21 | 65.3% |
sCWP | 2465 | 71% | 50.9 | 11.88 | 21.3 | 7.86 | 66.7% |
PMF | 233 | 7% | 59.9 | 13.58 | 22.5 | 9.00 | 62.4% |
CWP & TBC | 172 | 5% | 50.2 | 14.13 | 18.8 | 8.20 | 77.0% |
p-value 3 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.033 |
Cohort | Coal Miners with CWP | Coal Miners without CWP | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cause of Death According Diagnoses | Deaths | Age at Death (Years) | Exposure (Years) | Deaths | Age at Death (Years) | Exposure (Years) |
(ICD-10) | N (%) | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | N (%) | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD |
Malignant neoplasms (C00–C97) | 284 (32%) | 66.7 ± 10.5 | 23.9 ± 9.2 | 437 (33%) | 61.1 ± 7.4 | 26.0 ± 5.5 |
Diseases of the circulatory system (I00–I99) | 332 (37%) | 70.2 ± 11.4 | 24.7 ± 8.5 | 473 (36%) | 60.9 ± 7.3 | 25.7 ± 5.5 |
Diseases of the respiratory system (J00–J99) | 122 (14%) | 70.5 ± 10.9 | 24.3 ± 9.3 | 77 (6%) | 61.1 ± 8.5 | 26.8 ± 5.5 |
Diseases of the digestive system (K00–K93) | 56 (6%) | 59.0 ± 10.8 | 20.4 ± 8.4 | 126 (9%) | 57.5 ± 7.8 | 24.7 ± 4.9 |
Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (S00–T98) | 51 (6%) | 56.4 ± 14.1 | 18.4 ± 7.4 | 130 (10%) | 53.4 ± 9.1 | 23.1 ± 6.1 |
Other | 44 (5%) | 67.0 ± 11.2 | 22.9 ± 8.9 | 77 (6%) | 60.9 ± 7.8 | 25.1 ± 5.7 |
p-value (analysis of variance ANOVA) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Cohorts | Coal Miners with CWP | Coal Miners without CWP | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cause of Death (ICD-10) | (N = 3476) | (N = 6687) | ||||
ND | SMR | 95% CI | ND | SMR | 95% CI | |
Total (A00–Y98) | 889 | 1.10 ** | 1.02–1.17 | 1320 | 0.86 *** | 0.82–0.91 |
Malignant neoplasms (C00–C97) | 284 | 1.16 * | 1.03–1.30 | 437 | 0.80 *** | 0.73–0.88 |
Malignant neoplasm of lung (C33–C34) | 116 | 1.70 *** | 1.41–2.04 | 143 | 0.83 *** | 0.70–0.98 |
Diseases of the circulatory system (I00–I99) | 332 | 0.88 * | 0.80–0.99 | 473 | 0.74 *** | 0.77–0.92 |
Diseases of the respiratory system (J00–J99) | 122 | 2.78 *** | 2.32–3.31 | 77 | 1.08 | 0.85–1.35 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (J44) | 46 | 2.94 *** | 2.15–3.92 | 22 | 0.82 | 0.51–1.23 |
Coal-workers´ pneumoconiosis (J60) | 37 | - | - | 14 | - | - |
Diseases of the digestive system (K00–K93) | 56 | 1.30 | 0.98–1.69 | 126 | 1.12 | 0.93–1.33 |
Age at study entry (years) (mean, SD) 1 | 58.9 (13.1) | 47.3 (5.50) | ||||
Age at death (years) (mean, SD) | 67.4 (11.8) | 59.9 (8.0) | ||||
Exposure (years) (mean, SD) 2 | 23.6 (8.9) | 25.5 (5.6) | ||||
Proportion of smokers and ex-smokers (%) 3 | 68.9% | 79.4% |
Cause of Death (ICD-10) | The Categories of Coal-Workers‘ Pneumoconiosis (CWP) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
iCWP | sCWP | PMF | CWP & TBC | |||||
(N = 606) | (N = 2465) | (N = 233) | (N = 172) | |||||
ND | SMR (95% CI) | ND | SMR (95% CI) | ND | SMR (95% CI) | ND | SMR (95% CI) | |
Total (A00–Y98) | 63 | 0.85 (0.65–1.09) | 653 | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) | 96 | 1.22 (0.99–1.49) | 77 | 2.00 *** (1.58–2.50) |
Malignant neoplasms (C00–C97) | 18 | 0.75 (0.44–1.18) | 215 | 1.09 (0.95–1.25) | 33 | 1.60 * (1.10–2.25) | 18 | 1.70 * (1.01–2.68) |
Malignant neoplasm of lung (C33–C34) | 3 | 0.43 (0.09–1.26) | 89 | 1.60 *** (1.29–1.98) | 14 | 2.74 ** (1.50–4.59) | 10 | 3.63 ** (1.74–6.66) |
Diseases of the circulatory system (I00–I99) | 17 | 0.68 (0.4–1.10) | 259 | 0.86 * (0.76–0.97) | 33 | 0.77 (0.53–1.08) | 23 | 1.18 (0.75–1.77) |
Diseases of the respiratory system (J00–J99) | 5 | 1.48 (0.48–3.45) | 78 | 2.22 *** (1.76–2.77) | 22 | 4.62 *** (2.89–6.99) | 17 | 8.02 *** (4.67–12.84) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (J44) | 2 | 1.77 (0.21–6.39) | 26 | 2.05 ** (1.34–3.00) | 11 | 6.59 *** (3.29–11.80) | 7 | 10.31 *** (4.14–21.21) |
Coal-workers‘ pneumoconiosis (J60) | 1 | - | 25 | - | 6 | - | 5 | - |
Diseases of the digestive system | 10 | 1.55 (0.74–2.85) | 39 | 1.18 (0.84–1.61) | 2 | 0.72 (0.09–2.61) | 5 | 2.68 (0.87–6.27) |
Age—CWP 1 | 44.0 (9.0) | 59.2 (12.4) | 67.7(10.1) | 57.9 (14.7) | ||||
Age at death (years) (mean, SD) | 54.6 (9.7) | 68.1 (11.1) | 73.4(9.7) | 64.9 (13.9) | ||||
Exposure (years) (mean, SD) 2 | 21.3 (8.1) | 24.0 (8.9) | 25.3 (8.9) | 20.4 (8.6) | ||||
Proportion of smokers/ex-smokers (%) 3 | 69.5% | 71.0% | 52.0% | 74.1% |
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Tomášková, H.; Šplíchalová, A.; Šlachtová, H.; Urban, P.; Hajduková, Z.; Landecká, I.; Gromnica, R.; Brhel, P.; Pelclová, D.; Jirák, Z. Mortality in Miners with Coal-Workers’ Pneumoconiosis in the Czech Republic in the Period 1992–2013. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030269
Tomášková H, Šplíchalová A, Šlachtová H, Urban P, Hajduková Z, Landecká I, Gromnica R, Brhel P, Pelclová D, Jirák Z. Mortality in Miners with Coal-Workers’ Pneumoconiosis in the Czech Republic in the Period 1992–2013. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(3):269. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030269
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomášková, Hana, Anna Šplíchalová, Hana Šlachtová, Pavel Urban, Zdeňka Hajduková, Irena Landecká, Rostislav Gromnica, Petr Brhel, Daniela Pelclová, and Zdeněk Jirák. 2017. "Mortality in Miners with Coal-Workers’ Pneumoconiosis in the Czech Republic in the Period 1992–2013" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 3: 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030269