Analysis of Blood Concentrations of Zinc, Germanium, and Lead and Relevant Environmental Factors in a Population Sample from Shandong Province, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subject Selection
2.2. Sample Preparation and Analysis
2.3. Quality Control
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | n | P5 | P25 | P50 | P75 | P95 | GM (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total population | 1302 | 1.41 | 2.40 | 3.10 | 3.83 | 5.02 | 3.14 (3.08–3.20) |
Sex (p < 0.001) | |||||||
Male | 765 | 1.32 | 2.29 | 3.00 | 3.74 | 4.86 | 3.04 (2.97–3.12) |
Female | 537 | 1.55 | 2.51 | 3.26 | 3.99 | 5.13 | 3.28 (3.18–3.37) |
Use of cosmetics (p = 0.991) | |||||||
No | 1230 | 1.43 | 2.40 | 3.10 | 3.82 | 5.01 | 3.14 (3.08–3.20) |
Yes | 72 | 1.23 | 2.35 | 3.08 | 3.97 | 5.35 | 3.14 (2.88–3.41) |
Use of hair dye (p = 0.068) | |||||||
No | 1190 | 1.43 | 2.41 | 3.13 | 3.84 | 5.03 | 3.16 (3.09–3.22) |
Yes | 112 | 1.36 | 2.25 | 2.84 | 3.71 | 4.92 | 2.95 (2.76–3.14) |
Age in years (p < 0.001) | |||||||
6–12 | 231 | 1.03 | 1.94 | 2.72 | 3.55 | 4.32 | 2.75 (2.61–2.88) |
12–16 | 214 | 1.65 | 2.49 | 3.17 | 3.70 | 4.91 | 3.13 (3.00–3.26) |
16–20 | 168 | 1.86 | 2.59 | 3.27 | 4.33 | 5.34 | 3.41 (3.24–3.58) |
20–30 | 187 | 1.78 | 2.89 | 3.63 | 4.27 | 5.56 | 3.61 (3.45–3.77) |
30–45 | 255 | 1.39 | 2.22 | 2.83 | 3.69 | 5.08 | 3.01 (2.88–3.15) |
>45 | 247 | 1.52 | 2.38 | 3.05 | 3.81 | 4.77 | 3.10 (2.97–3.22) |
Alcohol intake (p = 0.002) | |||||||
No | 1110 | 1.40 | 2.39 | 3.08 | 3.75 | 4.93 | 3.09 (3.03–3.16) |
Yes | 192 | 1.72 | 2.50 | 3.32 | 4.19 | 5.54 | 3.39 (3.22–3.56) |
Smoking (p = 0.001) | |||||||
No | 1111 | 1.36 | 2.39 | 3.07 | 3.77 | 4.96 | 3.10 (3.04–3.16) |
Yes | 170 | 1.72 | 2.56 | 3.45 | 4.18 | 5.29 | 3.42 (3.25–3.59) |
Former smoker | 21 | 1.44 | 2.28 | 2.73 | 3.52 | 5.35 | 2.91 (2.49–3.34) |
Consumption of fried foods (p = 0.088) | |||||||
1–2 times per month | 842 | 1.40 | 2.39 | 3.06 | 3.76 | 4.91 | 3.10 (3.03–3.17) |
1–2 times per week | 380 | 1.49 | 2.43 | 3.19 | 3.87 | 5.19 | 3.17 (3.06–3.28) |
Every day | 80 | 1.46 | 2.30 | 3.33 | 4.48 | 6.11 | 3.42 (3.12–3.72) |
Items | n | P5 | P25 | P50 | P75 | P95 | GM (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total population | 1302 | 5.10 | 12.1 | 18.3 | 24.5 | 45.2 | 19.9 (19.3–20.6) |
Sex (p = 0.095) | |||||||
Male | 765 | 4.40 | 12.5 | 18.9 | 25.2 | 40.9 | 19.8 (19.0–20.6) |
Female | 537 | 6.13 | 11.9 | 17.0 | 23.0 | 53.0 | 20.2 (19.1–21.3) |
Use of cosmetics (p = 0.544) | |||||||
No | 1230 | 5.11 | 12.2 | 18.3 | 24.6 | 43.3 | 19.9 (19.3–20.6) |
Yes | 72 | 4.65 | 10.4 | 17.2 | 24.1 | 55.3 | 20.5 (17.1–23.9) |
Use of hair dye (p = 0.016) | |||||||
No | 1190 | 5.11 | 12.3 | 18.5 | 24.6 | 46.7 | 20.2 (19.5–20.8) |
Yes | 112 | 4.99 | 10.9 | 15.3 | 22.6 | 38.7 | 17.6 (15.7–19.5) |
Age in years (p < 0.001) | |||||||
6–12 | 231 | 1.04 | 9.96 | 17.9 | 23.1 | 27.0 | 16.2 (15.1–17.3) |
12–16 | 214 | 6.96 | 14.3 | 19.9 | 25.9 | 42.8 | 21.5 (20.0–23.0) |
16–20 | 168 | 9.61 | 15.0 | 22.8 | 45.2 | 62.2 | 29.3 (26.5–32.0) |
20–30 | 187 | 5.21 | 10.8 | 16.0 | 23.1 | 32.5 | 17.3 (16.0–18.5) |
30–45 | 255 | 4.89 | 12.6 | 19.4 | 26.8 | 42.5 | 20.9 (19.5–22.3) |
>45 | 247 | 6.48 | 11.1 | 15.3 | 20.7 | 34.0 | 16.9 (15.8–17.9) |
Alcohol intake (p = 0.001) | |||||||
No | 1110 | 4.88 | 11.8 | 17.8 | 24.0 | 46.9 | 19.6 (18.9–20.3) |
Yes | 192 | 6.44 | 13.8 | 20.8 | 28.0 | 41.5 | 21.7 (20.2–23.2) |
Smoking (p = 0.148) | |||||||
No | 1111 | 4.91 | 11.9 | 17.9 | 24.5 | 47.1 | 19.9 (19.2–20.6) |
Yes | 170 | 5.70 | 13.8 | 18.9 | 24.6 | 36.4 | 19.9 (18.5–21.3) |
Former smoker | 21 | 10.7 | 16.1 | 19.7 | 25.6 | 42.0 | 21.8 (17.9–25.6) |
Consumption of fried foods (p < 0.001) | |||||||
1–2 times per month | 842 | 4.92 | 11.9 | 17.6 | 23.9 | 37.6 | 18.7 (18.0–19.4) |
1–2 times per week | 380 | 4.93 | 12.2 | 18.6 | 24.9 | 53.1 | 20.9 (19.5–22.3) |
Every day | 80 | 7.31 | 16.1 | 23.6 | 40.4 | 63.4 | 28.5 (24.7–32.3) |
Items | n | P5 | P25 | P50 | P75 | P95 | GM (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total population | 1302 | 3.00 | 12.5 | 20.9 | 32.2 | 56.0 | 24.1 (23.2–25.1) |
Sex (p < 0.001) | |||||||
Male | 765 | 4.48 | 14.0 | 22.9 | 35.2 | 58.9 | 26.6 (25.3–27.9) |
Female | 537 | 2.05 | 10.3 | 17.9 | 28.4 | 47.6 | 20.6 (19.3–21.8) |
Use of cosmetics (p = 0.019) | |||||||
No | 1230 | 1.41 | 6.86 | 17.8 | 28.8 | 53.8 | 20.0 (16.0–24.0) |
Yes | 72 | 3.69 | 12.7 | 21.1 | 32.4 | 56.3 | 24.4 (23.4–25.3) |
Use of hair dye (p = 0.004) | |||||||
No | 1190 | 0.12 | 9.12 | 17.9 | 27.1 | 49.0 | 19.6 (17.0–22.3) |
Yes | 112 | 3.66 | 12.7 | 21.2 | 32.8 | 56.4 | 24.5 (23.5–25.5) |
Age in years (p < 0.001) | |||||||
6–12 | 231 | 1.80 | 10.8 | 21.2 | 36.1 | 56.9 | 25.0 (22.7–27.3) |
12–16 | 214 | 7.48 | 18.0 | 25.6 | 35.6 | 53.4 | 27.7 (25.7–29.6) |
16–20 | 168 | 4.96 | 11.2 | 19.3 | 28.0 | 57.5 | 23.2 (20.4–26.0) |
20–30 | 187 | 5.33 | 14.9 | 22.3 | 34.3 | 56.5 | 26.9 (24.1–29.8) |
30–45 | 255 | 0.07 | 7.40 | 18.0 | 29.4 | 56.1 | 20.8 (18.6–22.9) |
>45 | 247 | 4.99 | 12.8 | 18.6 | 27.4 | 55.0 | 22.13 (20.2–24.0) |
Alcohol intake (p = 0.001) | |||||||
No | 1110 | 2.67 | 12.0 | 20.4 | 31.5 | 51.6 | 23.4 (22.4–24.4) |
Yes | 192 | 5.89 | 15.6 | 23.4 | 37.7 | 60.7 | 28.3 (25.6–31.0) |
Smoking (p < 0.001) | |||||||
No | 1111 | 2.62 | 11.9 | 19.9 | 31.5 | 51.6 | 23.1 (22.1–24.1) |
Yes | 170 | 5.81 | 16.7 | 24.6 | 36.0 | 69.3 | 29.1 (26.3–32.0) |
Former smoker | 21 | 5.20 | 22.0 | 25.2 | 42.6 | 153.0 | 37.9 (23.3–52.5) |
Consumption of fried foods (p = 0.319) | |||||||
1–2 times per month | 842 | 2.94 | 12.5 | 20.6 | 32.4 | 56.8 | 24.1 (22.9–25.2) |
1–2 times per week | 380 | 3.56 | 12.1 | 21.2 | 31.6 | 53.0 | 23.8 (22.1–21.2) |
Every day | 80 | 4.36 | 14.4 | 23.1 | 34.8 | 57.4 | 26.0 (22.5–29.5) |
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Li, L.; Xu, G.; Shao, H.; Zhang, Z.-H.; Pan, X.-F.; Li, J.-Y. Analysis of Blood Concentrations of Zinc, Germanium, and Lead and Relevant Environmental Factors in a Population Sample from Shandong Province, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030227
Li L, Xu G, Shao H, Zhang Z-H, Pan X-F, Li J-Y. Analysis of Blood Concentrations of Zinc, Germanium, and Lead and Relevant Environmental Factors in a Population Sample from Shandong Province, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(3):227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030227
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Long, Guang Xu, Hua Shao, Zhi-Hu Zhang, Xing-Fu Pan, and Jin-Ye Li. 2017. "Analysis of Blood Concentrations of Zinc, Germanium, and Lead and Relevant Environmental Factors in a Population Sample from Shandong Province, China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 3: 227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030227