Interaction between Social/Psychosocial Factors and Genetic Variants on Body Mass Index: A Gene-Environment Interaction Analysis in a Longitudinal Setting
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Discovery Sample
2.2. Outcome and Adjustment Covariates
2.3. Social/Psychosocial Measures
2.4. Genotype Data
2.5. Statistical Methods
2.6. Replication
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Association between Social/Psychosocial Factors and BMI
3.3. Association between Gene/Regions and BMI
3.4. Interaction between Genes and Social/Psychosocial Factors on BMI
3.5. Replication Analyses in MESA
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable Name | European Americans (N = 7838) | African Americans (N = 1334) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Exam 1 (M = 7838) | Exam 2 (M = 5746) | Exam 1 (M = 1334) | Exam 2 (M = 527) | |
Outcome | ||||
BMI, Mean (SD) | 29 (5.7) | 29 (5.5) | 31 (6.5) | 30(6.3) |
Demographics | ||||
Age, Mean (SD) | 66 (10) | 70 (9) | 63 (9.9) | 69 (8.8) |
Sex (Female), N (%) | 4447 (56.7) | 2618 (57.3) | 863 (64.7) | 356 (67.6) |
Social Factors | ||||
ASES (low), N (%) | 3790 (48.4) | 2145 (46.9) | 790 (59.2) | 315 (59.8) |
CSES (low), N (%) | 2990 (38.1) | 1724 (37.7) | 791 (59.3) | 338 (64.1) |
Psychosocial Factors | ||||
ANGERIN (high), N (%) | 5414 (69.1) | 3035 (66.4) | 864 (64.7) | 317 (60.2) |
ANGEROUT (high), N (%) | 3201 (40.8) | 1666 (36.4) | 626 (46.9) | 224 (42.5) |
BURDEN * (high), N (%) | 2751 (57.4) | 2520 (55.4) | 504 (56.3) | 269 (51.9) |
PSS (low), N (%) | 4000 (51.0) | 2343 (51.3) | 669 (50.2) | 259 (49.2) |
NSS (low), N (%) | 4126 (52.6) | 2174 (47.6) | 696 (52.2) | 237 (45.0) |
CESD (high), N (%) | 4066 (51.9) | 2560 (56.0) | 460 (34.5) | 222 (42.1) |
SLE (high), N (%) | 1587 (20.2) | 912 (20.0) | 395 (29.6) | 140 (26.6) |
Social/Psychosocial Factors | European Americans (N = 7838) | African Americans (N = 1334) | Meta-Analysis | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | SE | p-Value | Beta | SE | p-Value | Beta | SE | p-Value | |
Social Factors | |||||||||
ASES (low) | 0.83 | 0.127 | 3.69 × 10−11 | 0.40 | 0.353 | 0.2585 | 0.79 | 0.119 | 3.87 × 10−11 |
CSES (low) | 0.48 | 0.134 | 0.0004 | 0.40 | 0.375 | 0.2812 | 0.47 | 0.126 | 0.0002 |
Psychosocial Factors | |||||||||
ANGERIN (high) | 0.10 | 0.059 | 0.0898 | −0.27 | 0.204 | 0.1822 | 0.07 | 0.057 | 0.21 |
ANGEROUT (high) | 0.25 | 0.062 | 4.41 × 10−5 | −0.07 | 0.198 | 0.7208 | 0.23 | 0.059 | 0.0002 |
BURDEN * (high) | 0.39 | 0.076 | 2.46 × 10−7 | 0.20 | 0.232 | 0.3988 | 0.37 | 0.072 | 2.37 × 10−7 |
PSS (low) | 0.14 | 0.064 | 0.0254 | −0.08 | 0.172 | 0.6408 | 0.12 | 0.060 | 0.0533 |
NSS (low) | 0.20 | 0.063 | 0.0014 | 0.17 | 0.182 | 0.3639 | 0.20 | 0.060 | 0.0009 |
CESD (high) | −0.13 | 0.058 | 0.0221 | 0.07 | 0.188 | 0.7195 | −0.12 | 0.056 | 0.0376 |
SLE (high) | 0.20 | 0.072 | 0.0044 | −0.23 | 0.206 | 0.2549 | 0.16 | 0.068 | 0.0205 |
Effect | HRS EA (N = 7838) | MESA EA (N = 2366) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | SE | p-Value | Beta | SE | p-Value | |
rs9540488 (coded allele C) | −0.38 | 0.118 | 0.0013 | −0.23 | 0.182 | 0.207 |
CSES (low) | −0.44 | 0.239 | 0.066 | −0.186 | 0.413 | 0.653 |
rs9540488 * CSES (low) | 0.85 | 0.190 | 6.90 × 10−6 | 0.582 | 0.322 | 0.071 |
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Zhao, W.; Ware, E.B.; He, Z.; Kardia, S.L.R.; Faul, J.D.; Smith, J.A. Interaction between Social/Psychosocial Factors and Genetic Variants on Body Mass Index: A Gene-Environment Interaction Analysis in a Longitudinal Setting. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101153
Zhao W, Ware EB, He Z, Kardia SLR, Faul JD, Smith JA. Interaction between Social/Psychosocial Factors and Genetic Variants on Body Mass Index: A Gene-Environment Interaction Analysis in a Longitudinal Setting. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(10):1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101153
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Wei, Erin B. Ware, Zihuai He, Sharon L. R. Kardia, Jessica D. Faul, and Jennifer A. Smith. 2017. "Interaction between Social/Psychosocial Factors and Genetic Variants on Body Mass Index: A Gene-Environment Interaction Analysis in a Longitudinal Setting" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 10: 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101153