Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Inactivity during Leisure-Time and Commuting among Beneficiaries of Government Welfare Assistance in Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Characteristics of the Examined Region
2.2. Characteristics of the Study Sample
2.3. Characteristics of the Participant’s Survey
2.3.1. Basic Demographic Data
2.3.2. Health Status & Health’ Behaviors
2.3.3. Physical Activity & Reasons of Physical Inactivity
2.4. Characteristics of the Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population
3.2. Characteristic of the Prevalence of Physical Activity of (LTPA and CPA) among the Study Population
3.3. Correlates of Lack of LTPA and CPA
3.4. Reasons for Not Taking Up Physical Activity among the Study Population
4. Discussion
5. Strengths and Limitations of the Study
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
PA | physical activity |
LTPA | leisure time physical activity |
CPA | commuting physical activity |
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Variable | Total Sample | Women | Men | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Inactive LTPA | Inactive CPA | Inactive LTPA and CPA | Total | Inactive LTPA | Inactive CPA | Inactive LTPA and CPA | ||
Overall | n = 1817 n (%) | n = 1224 n (%) | n = 556 (45.5%) n (%) | n = 996 (81.4%) n (%) | n = 485 (39.6%) n (%) | n = 593 n (%) | n = 311 (52.4%) n (%) | n = 473 (79.8%) n (%) | n = 267 (45%) n (%) |
Age (years) | |||||||||
18–29 | 209(11.5) | 160 (76.6) | 77 (48.1) | 137 (85.6) | 72 (45.0) | 49 (23.4) | 22 (44.9) | 38 (77.6) | 20 (40.8) |
30–39 | 778 (42.8) | 566 (72.8) | 253 (44.7) | 467 (82.5) | 221 (39.0) | 212 (27.2) | 120 (56.6) | 170 (80.2) | 104 (49.0) |
40–49 | 601 (33.1) | 385 (64.1) | 177 (46.0) | 304 (79.0) | 148 (38.4) | 216 (35.9) | 116 (53.7) | 174 (80.6) | 97 (44.9) |
50–59 | 229 (12.6) | 113 (49.3) | 49(43.4) | 88 (77.9) | 44 (38.9) | 116 (50.7) | 53 (45.7) | 91 (78.4) | 46 (39.7) |
Education | |||||||||
Primary | 493 (27.7) | 283 (57.4) | 138 (48.8) | 162 (57.2) | 117 (41.3) | 210 (42.6) | 103 (49.0) | 162 (77.1) | 86 (40.9) |
Vocational | 586 (32.9) | 351 (59.9) | 151 (43.0) | 192 (54.7) | 132 (37.6) | 235 (40.1) | 132 (56.2) | 192 (81.7) | 115 (48.9) |
Secondary | 606 (34.0) | 475 (78.4) | 215 (45.3) | 106 (22.3) | 190 (40.0) | 131 (21.6) | 67 (51.1) | 106 (80.9) | 57 (43.5) |
High | 96 (5.4) | 88 (91.7) | 36 (40.9) | 6 (6.8) | 34 (38.6) | 8 (8.3) | 4 (50.0) | 6 (75.0) | 4 (50.0) |
Missing data | 36 (2.0) | 27 (2.2) | 16 (2.9) | 7 (0.7) | 12 (2.5) | 9 (1.5) | 1 (0.3) | 7 (1.5) | 5 (1.9) |
Employment status | |||||||||
Permanent job | 533 (29.5) | 310 (58.2) | 150 (4.8) | 220 (71.0) | 116 (21.8) | 223 (41.8) | 128 (57.4) | 178 (79.8) | 108 (48.4) |
Temporary job | 156 (8.6) | 85 (54.5) | 37 (43.5) | 54 (63.5) | 28 (32.9) | 71 (45.5) | 32 (45.1) | 38 (54.5) | 21 (29.6) |
Disabled or retired | 54 (3.0) | 26 (48.1) | 8 (30.8) | 21 (80.9) | 6 (23.1) | 28 (51.9) | 14 (50.0) | 19 (67.9) | 13 (46.4) |
Student | 2 (0.1) | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Unemployed | 1060 (58.7) | 793 (74.8) | 356 (44.9) | 693 (87.4) | 331(41.4) | 267 (25.2) | 135 (50.6) | 236 (88.4) | 123 (46.1) |
Missing data | 12 (0.7) | 8 (0.7) | 5 (0.9) | 7 (0.7) | 4 (0.8) | 4 (0.7) | 2 (0.6) | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.7) |
Subjective assessment of monthly income | |||||||||
Sufficient to cover all living needs plus may save a certain amount | 20 (1.1) | 16 (80.0) | 2 (12.5) | 14 (87.5) | 2(12.5) | 4(20.0 | 2(50.0) | 4(100.0) | 2(50.0) |
Sufficient to cover all living needs | 198 (10.9) | 143 (72.2) | 26 (18.2) | 117 (81.8) | 59 (41.2) | 55 (27.8) | 39 (70.1) | 45 (81.8) | 33 (60.0) |
Sufficient to cover the basic living needs only | 933 (51.5) | 650 (69.7) | 318 (48.9) | 546 (84.0) | 283 (43.5) | 283 (30.3) | 159 (56.2) | 224 (79.1) | 133 (47.0) |
Not sufficient to cover even the basic living needs | 454 (25.1) | 266 (58.6) | 115 (43.2) | 206 (77.4) | 97 (36.5) | 188 (41.4) | 85 (45.2) | 151 (80.3) | 76 (40.4) |
Declined response difficult to say | 141 (7.8) | 101 (71.6) | 32 (31.7) | 70 (69.3) | 26 (25.7) | 40 (28.4) | 16 (40.0) | 31 (77.5) | 15 (37.5) |
Missing data | 71 (3.9) | 48 (3.9) | 22 (3.9) | 37 (3.7) | 18 (3.7) | 23 (3.9) | 10 (3.2) | 18 (3.8) | 8 (3.0) |
Subjective health state | |||||||||
Fair | 632 (35.0) | 434 (35.6) | 184 (42.4) | 341 (78.6) | 156 (35.9) | 198 (34.3) | 106 (53.5) | 154 (77.8) | 86 (43.4) |
Rather fair | 559 (31.0) | 405 (33.6) | 186 (45.9) | 333 (82.2) | 157 (38.8) | 154 (26.2) | 85 (55.2) | 118 (76.6) | 70 (45.5) |
Neither fair nor poor | 420 (23.3) | 275 (22.6) | 135 (49.1) | 231 (84.0) | 126 (45.8) | 145 (24.7) | 66 (42.8) | 119 (82.1) | 61 (42.1) |
Rather poor | 141 (7.8) | 80 (6.6) | 36 (45.0) | 64 (80.0) | 33 (41.2) | 61 (10.4) | 34 (55.7) | 50 (82.0) | 32 (52.4) |
Poor | 53 (2.9) | 24 (2.0) | 11 (45.8) | 22 (91.7) | 10 (41.7) | 29 (4.9) | 17 (58.6) | 26 (89.6) | 15 (51.2) |
Missing data | 12 (0.7) | 6 (0.5) | 4 (0.7) | 5 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) | 6 (1.0) | 3 (1.0) | 6 (1.3) | 3 (1.1) |
Health problems | |||||||||
None | 245 (13.7) | 137 (11.4) | 62 (45.2) | 108 (78.8) | 54 (39.4) | 108 (18.4) | 62 (57.4) | 78 (72.2) | 48 (44.4) |
1–3 health problems | 968 (54.3) | 645 (53.8) | 276 (42.8) | 519 (80.5) | 238 (36.9) | 323 (55.1) | 170 (52.6) | 266 (82.3) | 150 (464) |
4–6 health problems | 469 (26.3) | 344 (28.7) | 177 (51.4) | 292 (86.0) | 160 (46.5) | 125 (21.3) | 57 (45.6) | 99 (79.2) | 51 (40.8) |
≥7 health problems | 102 (5.7) | 72 (6.0) | 32 (44.4) | 59 (81.9) | 25 (34.7) | 30 (5.1) | 16 (53.3) | 23 (76.6) | 12 (40.0) |
Missing data | 33 (1.8) | 26 (2.1) | 9 (1.6) | 18 (1.8) | 8 (1.6) | 7 (1.2) | 6 (1.9) | 7 (1.5) | 6 (2.2) |
Alcohol consumption | |||||||||
Does not drink at all | 802 (46.9) | 619 (59.2) | 287 (46.8) | 481 (78.4) | 246 (40.1) | 189 (34.1) | 100 (52.9) | 144 (76.2) | 81(42.9) |
Moderate drinking and heavy drinking | 905 (53.1) | 540 (46.8) | 247 (45.7) | 460 (85.2) | 222 (41.1) | 365 (65.9) | 202 (55.3) | 301 (82.5) | 178 (48.8) |
Missing data | 110 (6.0) | 71 (5.8) | 22 (4.0) | 55 (5.5) | 17 (3.5) | 39 (8.6) | 9 (2.9) | 28 (5.9) | 8 (3.0) |
Smoking cigarettes | |||||||||
Past use | 278 (15.3) | 178 (64.0) | 85 (47.7) | 143 (80.3) | 74 (41.6) | 100 (36.0) | 48 (48.0) | 85 (85.0) | 45 (45.0) |
Current use | 675 (37.1) | 362 (53.6) | 166 (45.8) | 295 (81.5) | 146 (40.3) | 313 (46.4) | 160 (51.1) | 242 (77.3) | 132 (42.2) |
Never use | 864 (47.6) | 684 (79.2) | 305 (44.6) | 558 (81.6) | 265 (38.7) | 180 (20.8) | 103 (57.2) | 146 (81.8) | 90 (50.0) |
Missing data | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Subjective assessment of living conditions | |||||||||
Fair | 194 (10.8) | 132 (68.0) | 53 (40.2) | 101 (76.5) | 44 (33.3) | 62 (32.0) | 35 (56.5) | 45 (72.6) | 26 (41.9) |
Rather fair | 650 (360) | 467 (71.8) | 225 (48.2) | 392 (83.9) | 199 (42.6) | 183 (28.2) | 102 (55.7) | 156 (85.2) | 92 (50.3) |
Neither fair nor poor | 815 (45.2) | 523 (64.2) | 226 (43.2) | 422 (80.7) | 197 (37.7) | 292 (35.8) | 152 (52.0) | 226 (77.4) | 131 (44.9) |
Rather poor | 88 (4.9) | 59 (67.0) | 29 (49.2) | 44 (74.6) | 24 (40.7) | 29 (33.0) | 12 (41.4) | 22 (75.9) | 9 (31.0) |
Poor | 33 (1.3) | 18 (54.5) | 11 (61.1) | 17 (94.4) | 11 (61.1) | 15 (45.5) | 6 (40.0) | 14 (93.3) | 6 (40.0) |
Declined response difficult to say | 23 (1.3) | 16 (69.6) | 7 (43.7) | 15 (93.7) | 7 (43.7) | 7 (30.4) | 2 (28.6) | 7 (100.0) | 2 (28.6) |
Missing data | 14 (0.8) | 9 (0.7) | 5 (0.9) | 5 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) | 5 (0.8) | 2 (0.6) | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) |
Cohabitation with a partner and/or family | |||||||||
No (living alone) | 281 (15.5) | 189 (67.2) | 73 (38.6) | 153 (80.9) | 58 (30.7) | 92 (32.8) | 54 (58.7) | 75 (81.5) | 47 (51.1) |
Yes | 1536(84.5) | 1035(67.4) | 483 (46.7) | 843 (81.4) | 427 (41.3) | 501 (32.6) | 257 (51.3) | 398 (79.4) | 220 (43.9) |
Children < 15 years | |||||||||
Yes | 1226 (67.5) | 831 (67.8) | 402 (48.4) | 675 (81.2) | 169 (20.3) | 395 (32.2) | 198 (50.1) | 314 (79.5) | 352 (89.1) |
No | 591 (32.5) | 393 (66.5) | 154 (39.2) | 321 (81.7) | 98 (24.9) | 198 (33.5) | 113 (57.1) | 159 (80.3) | 133 (67.2) |
Obesity | |||||||||
Yes (≥30) | 433 (23.8) | 289 (66.7) | 134 (46.4) | 232 (80.3) | 115 (39.8) | 144 (33.3) | 74 (51.4) | 109 (75.7) | 60 (41.7) |
No (<30) | 1384 (76.2) | 935 (67.6) | 422 (45.1) | 764 (81.7) | 370 (39.6) | 449 (32.4) | 237 (52.8) | 364 (81.1) | 207 (46.1) |
Physical Activity | Total | % | Women | Men | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | |||
Leisure time | |||||||
None | 867 | 52.4 | 536 | 49.6 (46.7–52.5) | 311 | 58.1 (53.9–62.3) | p < 0.05 |
Occasionally | 357 | 21.5 | 265 | 23.6 (21.1–26.1) | 92 | 17.2 (14.0–20.4) | p < 0.05 |
2–3/week | 156 | 9.4 | 113 | 10.1 (8.3–11.7) | 43 | 8.0 (5.7–10.3) | p > 0.05 |
4–7/week | 276 | 16.7 | 187 | 16.7 (14.5–18.9) | 89 | 16.7 (13.5-19.9) | p> 0.05 |
Missing data | 161 | 8.9 | 103 | 8.4 | 58 | 9.8 | |
Commuting | |||||||
None | 1469 | 81.8 | 996 | 82.3 (80.2–84.4) | 473 | 80.7 (77.5–83.9) | p > 0.05 |
1–14 min; (walking or cycling) per day | 172 | 9.6 | 111 | 9.2 (7.6–10.8) | 61 | 10.4 (7.9–12.9) | p > 0.05 |
15–29 min; (walking or cycling) per day | 112 | 6.2 | 75 | 6.2 (4.8–7.6) | 37 | 6.3 (4.3–8.3) | p > 0.05 |
30 min and more; (walking or cycling) per day | 43 | 2.4 | 28 | 2.3 (1.5–3.1) | 13 | 2.6 (1.3–3.9) | p > 0.05 |
Missing data | 21 | 1.2 | 14 | 1.1 | 7 | 1.2 |
Characteristic | Total n = 867 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariable Logistic Regression | Multivariable Logistic Regression | ||||
N % | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Gender | |||||
Female | 556 (45.4) | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference |
Male | 311 (52.5) | 1.32 | 1.09–1.61 ** | 1.35 ** | 1.11–1.65 |
Smoking status | |||||
Smoker | 326 (48.3) | 1.04 | 0.85–1.27 | ||
Non-smoker | 541 (47.4) | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference |
Age (years) | |||||
<30 | 99 (47.4) | 1.00 | reference | ||
30–39 | 373 (47.9) | 1.02 | 0.72–1.44 | ||
40–49 | 293 (48.7) | 1.06 | 0.74–1.51 | ||
50–59 | 102 (44.5) | 0.89 | 0.60–1.33 | ||
Subjective assessment of living condition | |||||
Good | 415 (49.2) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Less than good | 445 (46.4) | 0.89 | 0.74–1.09 | ||
Education | |||||
Primary | 241 (48.8) | 1.11 | 0.76–1.64 | ||
Vocational | 283 (48.3) | 1.09 | 0.74–1.59 | ||
Secondary | 282 (46.5) | 1.04 | 0.69–1.48 | ||
High | 40 (41.8) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Employment status | |||||
Permanent or temporary job | 347 (50.4) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Disabled or retired | 22 (40.7) | 0.67 | 0.38–1.18 | ||
Unemployed | 491 (46.2) | 0.84 | 0.70–1.02 | ||
Subjective assessment of monthly income | |||||
Good | 110 (50.5) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Less than good | 725 (47.5) | 0.89 | 0.67–1.18 | ||
Subjective health state | |||||
Good | 561 (47.1) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Less than good | 299 (48.7) | 1.07 | 0.88–1.30 | ||
Health problems | |||||
None | 124 (50.6) | 1.00 | reference | ||
1–3 health problems | 443 (46.0) | 0.85 | 0.65–1.11 | ||
4–6 health problems | 234 (49.9) | 1.00 | 0.74–1.34 | ||
≥7 health problems | 48 (47.1) | 0.89 | 0.56–1.40 | ||
Cont. | |||||
Alcohol consumption | |||||
Does not drink at all | 387 (48.2) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Moderate drinking and heavy drinking | 449 (49.6) | 1.06 | 0.87–1.28 | ||
Cohabitation with a partner and/or family | |||||
No (living alone) | 127 (45.2) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Yes | 740 (48.2) | 1.13 | 0.88–1.45 | ||
Children < 15 years | |||||
Yes | 600 (48.9) | 1.00 | reference | ||
No | 267 (45.2) | 0.86 | 0.71–1.05 | ||
Obesity | |||||
Yes (≥30) | 208 (48.0) | 1.02 | 0.82–1.26 | ||
No (<30) | 659 (47.6) | 1.00 | reference |
Characteristic | Total n = 1469 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariable Logistic Regression | Multivariable Logistic Regression | ||||
N % | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Gender | |||||
Female | 996 (81.4) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Male | 473 (79.8) | 0.90 | 0.70–1.15 | ||
Smoking status | |||||
Smoker | 537 (79.6) | 0.88 | 0.69–1.11 | ||
Non-smoker | 932 (81.6) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Age (years) | |||||
<30 | 175 (83.7) | 1.00 | reference | ||
30–39 | 637 (81.9) | 0.88 | 0.58–1.32 | ||
40–49 | 478 (79.5) | 0.76 | 0.50–1.15 | ||
50–59 | 179 (78.2) | 0.70 | 0.43–1.13 | ||
Subjective assessment of living condition | |||||
Good | 694 (82.2) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Less than good | 767 (80.0) | 0.86 | 0.68–1.09 | ||
Education | |||||
Primary | 27 (75.0) | 0.49 ** | 0.27–0.86 | 0.34 *** | 0.18–0.64 |
Vocational | 463 (79.0) | 0.48 ** | 0.27–0.86 | 0.44 ** | 0.24–0.80 |
Secondary | 500 (82.5) | 0.60 | 0.34–1.08 | 0.54 * | 0.29–0.99 |
High | 90 (93.7) | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference |
Employment status | |||||
Permanent or temporary job | 490 (71.1) | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference |
Disabled or retired | 40 (74.1) | 1.15 | 0.61–2.17 | 1.43 | 0.71–2.87 |
Unemployed | 930 (87.6) | 2.85 *** | 2.23–3.64 | 3.41 *** | 2.59–4.48 |
Subjective assessment of monthly income | |||||
Good | 186 (85.3) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Less than good | 1228 (80.4) | 0.70 | 0.47–1.05 | ||
Subjective health state | |||||
Good | 946 (79.4) | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference |
Less than good | 512 (83.4) | 1.30* | 1.01–1.68 | 1.35 | 0.99–1.84 |
Health problems | |||||
None | 186 (75.9) | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference |
1–3 health problems | 781 (81.2) | 1.38 * | 1.01–1.90 | 1.37 | 0.97–1.93 |
4–6 health problems | 391 (83.4) | 1.61 ** | 1.12–2.32 | 1.33 | 0.88–2.02 |
≥7 health problems | 82 (80.4) | 1.32 | 0.75–2.30 | 1.03 | 0.54–1.94 |
Alcohol consumption | |||||
Does not drink at all | 625 (77.9) | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference |
Moderate drinking and Heavy drinking | 761 (84.1) | 1.49 *** | 1.17–1.91 | 1.86 *** | 1.43–2.41 |
Cohabitation with a partner and/or family | |||||
No (living alone) | 228 (81.3) | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference |
Yes | 1241 (84.1) | 0.98 | 0.73–1.32 | ||
Children <15 years | |||||
Yes | 989 (80.7) | 1.00 | reference | ||
No | 480 (81.2) | 1.03 | 0.80–1.35 | ||
Obesity | |||||
Yes (≥30) | 341 (78.7) | 0.84 | 0.64–1.10 | ||
No (<30) | 1128 (81.5) | 1.00 | reference |
Characteristic | Total (n = 1817) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariable Logistic Regression | Multivariable Logistic Regression | ||||
N % | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Gender | |||||
Female | 485 (39.6) | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference |
Male | 267 (45.0) | 1.25 * | 1.02–1.52 | 1.22 * | 1.00–1.50 |
Smoking status | |||||
Smoker | 278 (41.2) | 0.99 | 0.81–1.20 | ||
Non-smoker | 478 (41.5) | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference |
Age (years) | |||||
<30 | 92 (44.0) | 1.00 | reference | ||
30–39 | 325 (4.8) | 0.91 | 0.67–1.24 | ||
40–49 | 245 (40.8) | 0.88 | 0.64–1.20 | ||
50–59 | 90 (39.3) | 0.82 | 0.56–1.21 | ||
Subjective assessment of living condition | |||||
Good | 361 (42.8) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Less than good | 387 (40.4) | 0.91 | 0.75–1.09 | ||
Education | |||||
Primary | 203 (41.2) | 1.01 | 0.66–1.45 | ||
Vocational | 247 (42.2) | 1.08 | 0.69–1.50 | ||
Secondary | 247 (40.8) | 1.01 | 0.66–1.41 | ||
High | 38 (39.6) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Employment status | |||||
Permanent or temporary job | 273 (39.6) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Disabled or retired | 19 (35.2) | 0.82 | 0.46–1.47 | ||
Unemployed | 454 (42.8) | 1.13 | 0.93–1.37 | ||
Subjective assessment of monthly income | |||||
Good | 96 (44.0) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Less than good | 630 (41.2) | 0.89 | 0.67–1.19 | ||
Subjective health state | |||||
Good | 469 (39.4) | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference |
Less than good | 277 (45.1) | 1.27 * | 1.04–1.54 | 1.24 * | 1.02–1.52 |
Health problems | |||||
None | 102 (41.6) | 1.00 | reference | ||
1–3 health problems | 386 (40.1) | 0.94 | 0.72–1.23 | ||
4–6 health problems | 211 (45.0) | 1.15 | 0.85–1.55 | ||
≥7 health problems | 37 (36.3) | 0.80 | 0.50–1.29 | ||
Alcohol consumption | |||||
Does not drink at all | 327 (40.8) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Moderate drinking and heavy drinking | 400 (44.2) | 1.15 | 0.95–1.39 | ||
Cohabitation with a partner and/or family | |||||
No (living alone) | 105 (37.4) | 1.00 | reference | ||
Yes | 647 (42.1) | 1.22 | 0.94–1.58 | ||
Children < 15 years | |||||
Yes | 521 (42.5) | 1.00 | reference | ||
No | 231 (39.1) | 0.87 | 0.71–1.06 | ||
Obesity | |||||
Yes (≥30) | 175 (40.4) | 0.95 | 0.76–1.18 | ||
No (<30) | 588 (41.7) | 1.00 | reference |
Reasons | Total n = 862 n (%) | Women n = 552 n (%) | Men n = 311 n (%) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lack of time | 242 (28.1) | 170 (30.8) | 72 (23.2) | 0.0172 |
No willingness to exercise (I have no such a need) | 219 (25.4) | 149 (27.0) | 70 (22.6) | 0.1545 |
Bad health condition (a disease, disability) | 105 (12.2) | 48 (8.7) | 57 (18.4) | 0.0000 |
High general PA (physical work, a house, a garden plot etc.) | 314 (36.4) | 201 (36.4) | 113 (36.5) | 0.9766 |
Lack of money | 30 (3.5) | 20 (3.6) | 10 (3.2) | 0.7577 |
No access to suitable facilities (a gym, playing field etc.) | 21 (2.4) | 14 (2.5) | 7 (2.3) | 0.8547 |
Other reasons | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.4308 |
Missing data | 5 (0.6) | 4 (0.7) | 1 (0.3) | - |
© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Kaleta, D.; Kalucka, S.; Szatko, F.; Makowiec-Dąbrowska, T. Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Inactivity during Leisure-Time and Commuting among Beneficiaries of Government Welfare Assistance in Poland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101126
Kaleta D, Kalucka S, Szatko F, Makowiec-Dąbrowska T. Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Inactivity during Leisure-Time and Commuting among Beneficiaries of Government Welfare Assistance in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(10):1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101126
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaleta, Dorota, Sylwia Kalucka, Franciszek Szatko, and Teresa Makowiec-Dąbrowska. 2017. "Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Inactivity during Leisure-Time and Commuting among Beneficiaries of Government Welfare Assistance in Poland" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 10: 1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101126