The Association of Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype with Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Sex Difference: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Urban Chinese Elderly Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Definitions of HTGW and the Rest of the Phenotypes
2.4. Definitions of CKD and Related Factors
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Features of Each Phenotype Group
3.2. Age- and Sex-Specific Distribution of Different Phenotype Groups
3.3. Prevalence of CKD for Different Phenotype Groups
3.4. ORs of Different Phenotypes and Prevalence of CKD
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CKD | chronic kidney disease |
NWNT | normal waist-normal triglycerides |
NWET | normal waist-elevated triglycerides |
EWNT | elevated waist-normal triglycerides |
HTGW | hypertriglyceridemic waist |
BMI | body mass index |
WC | waist circumference |
SBP | systolic blood pressure |
DBP | diastolic blood pressure |
TC | total cholesterol |
TG | triglyceride |
HDL-C | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
LDL-C | low density lipoprotein cholesterol |
FBG | fasting blood glucose |
2hPG | 2 h post glucose load |
eGFR | glomerular filtration rate |
CVD | cardiovascular disease |
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Variables | NWNT | NWET | EWNT | HTGW | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 489) | (n = 132) | (n = 852) | (n = 629) | ||
± S | |||||
Age (years) | 71.81 ± 6.95 | 70.57 ± 6.67 | 71.87 ± 6.58 | 71.38 ± 6.24 | 0.116 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 21.91 ± 2.27 | 22.66 ± 2.24 | 25.92 ± 2.99 | 26.65 ± 3.03 | <0.001 |
WC (cm) | 79.42 ± 6.38 | 80.46 ± 5.74 | 91.36 ± 7.16 | 92.77 ± 7.69 | <0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 132.95 ± 17.37 | 135.29 ± 16.91 | 139.44 ± 19.91 | 143.74 ± 20.59 | <0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 74.48 ± 7.61 | 76.60 ± 10.31 | 77.28 ± 7.55 | 79.76 ± 7.95 | <0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 5.07 ± 0.91 | 5.74 ± 1.01 | 5.12 ± 0.97 | 5.51 ± 1.10 | <0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.09 ± 0.32 | 2.48 ± 1.20 | 1.22 ± 0.29 | 2.55 ± 0.96 | <0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.62 ± 0.39 | 1.26 ± 0.31 | 1.47 ± 0.34 | 1.20 ± 0.27 | <0.001 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.03 ± 0.78 | 3.68 ± 0.83 | 3.16 ± 0.78 | 3.45 ± 0.91 | <0.001 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.72 ± 1.33 | 6.05 ± 1.40 | 5.99 ± 1.49 | 6.55 ± 2.04 | <0.001 |
2hPG (mmol/L) | 7.39 ± 2.54 | 8.10 ± 2.80 | 8.17 ± 2.93 | 9.25 ± 3.66 | <0.001 |
eGFR(mL/min/1.73 m2) | 92.45 ± 21.01 | 93.40 ± 18.30 | 95.82 ± 22.49 | 93.02 ± 24.76 | 0.025 |
n (%) | |||||
Men | 290 (59.3) | 63 (47.7) | 308 (36.2) | 187 (29.7) | <0.001 |
Married | 424 (86.7) | 110 (83.3) | 712 (83.6) | 528 (83.9) | 0.451 |
Education (≥7 years) | 387 (79.1) | 119 (90.2) | 584 (68.5) | 432 (68.7) | <0.001 |
Current smoking | 68 (13.9) | 16 (12.1) | 88 (10.3) | 59 (9.4) | 0.091 |
Current drinking | 124 (25.4) | 23 (17.4) | 170 (20.0) | 108 (17.2) | 0.006 |
Exercise (≥1 h/day) | 421 (86.1) | 118 (89.4) | 740 (86.9) | 525 (83.5) | 0.170 |
Family history of CVD | 203 (41.5) | 56 (42.4) | 388 (45.5) | 300 (47.7) | 0.195 |
Diabetes | 108 (22.1) | 36 (27.3) | 269 (31.6) | 261 (41.5) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 266 (54.4) | 86 (65.2) | 636 (74.6) | 524 (83.3) | <0.001 |
Subgroups | NWNT | NWET | EWNT | HTGW | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
All ages | <0.001 | ||||
Men (n = 848) | 290 (34.2) | 63 (7.4) | 308 (36.3) | 187 (22.1) | |
Women (n = 1254) | 199 (15.9) | 69 (5.5) | 544 (43.4) | 442 (35.2) | |
Total | 489 (23.3) | 132 (6.3) | 852 (40.5) | 629 (29.9) | |
p Value | <0.001 | 0.074 | 0.001 | <0.001 | |
60–69 years | <0.001 | ||||
Men (n = 283) | 93 (32.9) | 28 (9.9) | 91 (32.2) | 71 (25.1) | |
Women (n = 538) | 105 (19.5) | 29 (5.4) | 231 (42.9) | 173 (32.2) | |
Subtotal (n = 821) | 198 (24.1) | 57 (6.9) | 322 (39.2) | 244 (29.7) | |
p Value | <0.001 | 0.016 | 0.003 | 0.035 | |
70–79 years | <0.001 | ||||
Men (n = 450) | 160 (35.6) | 30 (6.7) | 170 (37.8) | 90 (20.0) | |
Women (n = 637) | 79 (12.4) | 36 (5.7) | 279 (43.8) | 243 (38.1) | |
Subtotal (n = 1087) | 239 (22.0) | 66 (6.1) | 449 (41.3) | 333 (30.6) | |
p Value | <0.001 | 0.490 | 0.047 | <0.001 | |
≥80 years | 0.172 | ||||
Men (n = 115) | 37 (32.2) | 5 (4.3) | 47 (40.9) | 26 (22.6) | |
Women (n = 79) | 15 (19.0) | 4 (5.1) | 34 (43.0) | 26 (32.9) | |
Subtotal (n = 194) | 52 (26.8) | 9 (4.6) | 81 (41.8) | 52 (26.8) | |
p Value | 0.042 | 1.00 | 0.763 | 0.111 |
Phenotype | n | Decreased Renal Function | Albuminuria | CKD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | ||||
NWNT | 489 | 21 (4.3) | 29 (5.9) | 44 (9.0) |
NWET | 132 | 3 (2.3) | 3 (2.3) | 5 (3.8) |
EWNT | 852 | 42 (4.9) | 77 (9.0) | 109 (12.8) |
HTGW | 629 | 52 (8.3) | 69 (11.0) | 107 (17.0) |
Subtotal | 2102 | 118 (5.6) | 178 (8.5) | 265 (12.6) |
p Value | 0.004 | 0.001 | <0.001 | |
Men | ||||
NWNT | 290 | 12 (4.1) | 15 (5.2) | 26 (9.0) |
NWET | 63 | 3 (4.8) | 1 (1.6) | 3 (4.8) |
EWNT | 308 | 28 (9.1) * | 30 (9.7) | 51 (16.6) * |
HTGW | 187 | 18 (9.6) | 15 (8.0) | 29 (15.5) |
Subtotal | 848 | 61 (7.2) | 61 (7.2) | 109 (12.9) |
p Value | 0.038 | 0.028 | 0.006 | |
Women | ||||
NWNT | 199 | 9 (4.5) | 14 (7.0) | 18 (9.0) |
NWET | 69 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.9) | 2 (2.9) |
EWNT | 544 | 14 (2.6) | 47 (8.6) | 58 (10.7) |
HTGW | 442 | 34 (7.7) | 54 (12.2) | 78 (17.6) |
Subtotal | 1254 | 57 (4.5) | 117 (9.3) | 156 (12.4) |
p Value | <0.001 | 0.026 | <0.001 |
Phenotype | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | |
Total | ||||||
NWNT | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||
NWET | 0.44 | 0.17–1.14 | 0.090 | 0.39 | 0.15–1.01 | 0.051 |
EWNT | 1.52 | 1.04–2.21 | 0.029 | 1.38 | 0.94–2.03 | 0.096 |
HTGW | 2.26 | 1.55–3.31 | <0.001 | 1.95 | 1.32–2.88 | 0.001 |
Men | ||||||
NWNT | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||
NWET | 0.63 | 0.18–2.19 | 0.462 | 0.59 | 0.17–2.06 | 0.404 |
EWNT | 1.94 | 1.16–3.26 | 0.012 | 1.73 | 1.02–2.92 | 0.041 |
HTGW | 2.14 | 1.19–3.84 | 0.011 | 1.88 | 1.04–3.39 | 0.037 |
Women | ||||||
NWNT | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||||
NWET | 0.29 | 0.07–1.30 | 0.107 | 0.24 | 0.05–1.07 | 0.062 |
EWNT | 1.17 | 0.67–2.06 | 0.576 | 1.06 | 0.60–1.89 | 0.831 |
HTGW | 2.10 | 1.22–3.64 | 0.008 | 1.66 | 0.94–2.94 | 0.080 |
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Zeng, J.; Liu, M.; Wu, L.; Wang, J.; Yang, S.; Wang, Y.; Yao, Y.; Jiang, B.; He, Y. The Association of Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype with Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Sex Difference: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Urban Chinese Elderly Population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 1233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13121233
Zeng J, Liu M, Wu L, Wang J, Yang S, Wang Y, Yao Y, Jiang B, He Y. The Association of Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype with Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Sex Difference: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Urban Chinese Elderly Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(12):1233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13121233
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeng, Jing, Miao Liu, Lei Wu, Jianhua Wang, Shanshan Yang, Yiyan Wang, Yao Yao, Bin Jiang, and Yao He. 2016. "The Association of Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype with Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Sex Difference: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Urban Chinese Elderly Population" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 12: 1233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13121233