A Cross-Sectional Study of Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship in Airports across Europe and the United States
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Measures and Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Tobacco Products
3.2. Tobacco Advertising and Promotion
3.3. Evidence of Smoking Behavior
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TAPS Item | European Airports | US Airports | All Airports | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-Security | Post-Security | Pre-Security | Post-Security | Pre-Security | Post-Security | |
% (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | |
Sales present | 91 (10) | 100 (11) | 40 * (4) | 90 (9) | 67 (14) | 95 (20) |
Cigarette | 82 (9) | 55 (6) | 40 (4) | 70 (7) | 62 (13) | 62 (13) |
Cigar/cigarillo | 64 (7) | 36 (4) | 0 * (0) | 10 (1) | 33 (7) | 24 (5) |
Smokeless | 18 (2) | 9 (1) | 10 (1) | 10 (1) | 14 (3) | 10 (2) |
E-cigarettes | 36 (4) | 45 (5) | 0 (0) | 36 (4) | 19 (4) | 38 (9) |
Advertisements present | 18 (2) | 36 (4) | 0 (0) | 60 (6) | 10 (2) | 48 (10) |
Tobacco products | 18 (2) | 36 (4) | 0 (0) | 60 (6) | 10 (2) | 48 (10) |
E-cigarettes | 0 (0) | 9 (1) | 0 (0) | 10 (1) | 0 (0) | 10 (2) |
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Soong, A.; Navas-Acien, A.; Pang, Y.; Lopez, M.J.; Garcia-Esquinas, E.; Stillman, F.A. A Cross-Sectional Study of Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship in Airports across Europe and the United States. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 959. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13100959
Soong A, Navas-Acien A, Pang Y, Lopez MJ, Garcia-Esquinas E, Stillman FA. A Cross-Sectional Study of Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship in Airports across Europe and the United States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(10):959. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13100959
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoong, Andrea, Ana Navas-Acien, Yuanjie Pang, Maria Jose Lopez, Esther Garcia-Esquinas, and Frances A. Stillman. 2016. "A Cross-Sectional Study of Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship in Airports across Europe and the United States" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 10: 959. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13100959