Residence in Proximity of an Iron Foundry and Risk of Lung Cancer in the Municipality of Trieste, Italy, 1995–2009
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
Materials and Methods
3. Results
Risk Area | <75 Years | ≥75 Years | All Ages | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | ASR-Ita X100,000 | (SE) 4 | RR | (95% CI) | N | ASR-Ita X100,000 | (SE) 4 | RR | (95% CI) | N | ASR-Ita X100,000 | (SE) 4 | RR | (95% CI) | ||
Men | ||||||||||||||||
Near the foundry (<800 m) | 55 | 100.2 | (13.6) | 1.35 | (1.03–1.77) | 22 | 447.3 | (100.9) | 0.89 | (0.58–1.36) | 77 | 122.0 | (14.2) | 1.21 | (0.96–1.52) | |
Urban | 961 | 74.1 | (2.4) | 1 | 654 | 502.2 | (20.7) | 1 | 1615 | 100.9 | (2.6) | 1 | ||||
Outlying | 249 | 65.3 | (4.1) | 0.88 | (0.77–1.01) | 155 | 432.7 | (36.3) | 0.86 | (0.72–1.03) | 404 | 88.3 | (4.5) | 0.87 | (0.78–0.98) | |
Women | ||||||||||||||||
Near the foundry (<800 m) | 15 | 26.8 | (7.0) | 1.01 | (0.60–1.69) | 9 | 111.1 | (38.1) | 0.69 | (0.36–1.34) | 24 | 35.5 | (7.4) | 0.88 | (0.58–1.32) | |
Urban | 368 | 26.6 | (1.4) | 1 | 405 | 160.8 | (8.3) | 1 | 773 | 40.5 | (1.5) | 1 | ||||
Outlying | 69 | 17.4 | (2.1) | 0.65 | (0.51–0.85) | 89 | 138.3 | (15.1) | 0.86 | (0.68–1.08) | 158 | 29.9 | (2.5) | 0.74 | (0.62–0.88) |
Risk Area | <75 Years | ≥75 Years | All Ages | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | ASR-Ita X100,000 | (SE) 4 | RR | (95% CI) | N | ASR-Ita X100,000 | (SE) 4 | RR | (95% CI) | N | ASR-Ita X100,000 | (SE) 4 | RR | (95% CI) | ||||
Men | ||||||||||||||||||
Adenocarcinoma | ||||||||||||||||||
Near the foundry (<800 m) | 14 | 25.4 | (6.8) | 1.14 | (0.67–1.94) | 2 | 58.6 | (41.4) | 0.71 | (0.17–2.86) | 16 | 27.4 | (6.9) | 1.05 | (0.64–1.73) | |||
Urban | 287 | 22.3 | (1.3) | 1 | 104 | 83.0 | (8.5) | 1 | 391 | 26.1 | (1.3) | 1 | ||||||
Outlying | 64 | 16.8 | (2.1) | 0.76 | (0.58–0.99) | 35 | 95.4 | (16.9) | 1.15 | (0.78–1.69) | 99 | 21.8 | (2.2) | 0.83 | (0.67–1.04) | |||
Squamous cell carcinoma | ||||||||||||||||||
Near the foundry (<800 m) | 16 | 29.7 | (7.5) | 1.74 | (1.05–2.90) | 6 | 139.7 | (59.3) | 1.18 | (0.52–2.68) | 22 | 36.6 | (7.9) | 1.57 | (1.02–2.41) | |||
Urban | 222 | 17.0 | (1.1) | 1 | 141 | 118.1 | (10.3) | 1 | 363 | 23.3 | (1.3) | 1 | ||||||
Outlying | 66 | 17.2 | (2.1) | 1.01 | (0.77–1.33) | 31 | 98.2 | (18.0) | 0.83 | (0.56–1.23) | 97 | 22.3 | (2.3) | 0.95 | (0.76–1.19) | |||
Other and unspecified | ||||||||||||||||||
Near the foundry (<800 m) | 25 | 45.2 | (9.1) | 1.30 | (0.87–1.94) | 14 | 249.0 | (70.4) | 0.83 | (0.49–1.41) | 39 | 58.0 | (9.6) | 1.13 | (0.82–1.55) | |||
Urban | 452 | 34.8 | (1.6) | 1 | 409 | 301.1 | (15.9) | 1 | 861 | 51.5 | (1.8) | 1 | ||||||
Outlying | 119 | 31.2 | (2.9) | 0.90 | (0.73–1.10) | 89 | 239.1 | (26.6) | 0.79 | (0.63–1.00) | 208 | 44.3 | (3.2) | 0.86 | (0.74–1.00) | |||
Women | ||||||||||||||||||
Adenocarcinoma | ||||||||||||||||||
Near the foundry (<800 m) | 7 | 12.9 | (5.0) | 1.31 | (0.61–2.81) | 1 | 15.5 | (15.5) | 0.39 | (0.05–2.81) | 8 | 13.1 | (4.7) | 1.02 | (0.51–2.07) | |||
Urban | 134 | 9.8 | (0.9) | 1 | 100 | 39.4 | (4.1) | 1 | 234 | 12.8 | (0.9) | 1 | ||||||
Outlying | 32 | 8.1 | (1.4) | 0.83 | (0.56–1.22) | 23 | 37.7 | (8.0) | 0.96 | (0.61–1.50) | 55 | 11.2 | (1.5) | 0.87 | (0.65–1.17) | |||
Squamous cell carcinoma | ||||||||||||||||||
Near the foundry (<800 m) | 2 | 3.6 | (2.6) | 1.00 | (0.24–4.11) | 1 | 15.5 | (15.5) | 0.81 | (0.11–5.90) | 3 | 4.8 | (2.8) | 0.93 | (0.29–2.94) | |||
Urban | 50 | 3.6 | (0.5) | 1 | 42 | 19.0 | (3.0) | 1 | 92 | 5.2 | (0.6) | 1 | ||||||
Outlying | 7 | 1.7 | (0.6) | 0.46 | (0.21–1.01) | 4 | 5.8 | (3.0) | 0.31 | (0.11–0.86) | 11 | 2.1 | (0.6) | 0.40 | (0.21–0.75) | |||
Other and unspecified | ||||||||||||||||||
Near the foundry (<800 m) | 6 | 10.3 | (4.2) | 0.78 | (0.35–1.76) | 7 | 80.2 | (31.2) | 0.78 | (0.37–1.66) | 13 | 17.5 | (5.0) | 0.78 | (0.45–1.36) | |||
Urban | 184 | 13.2 | (1.0) | 1 | 263 | 102.4 | (6.6) | 1 | 447 | 22.4 | (1.1) | 1 | ||||||
Outlying | 30 | 7.6 | (1.4) | 0.58 | (0.39–0.85) | 62 | 94.8 | (12.5) | 0.93 | (0.70–1.22) | 92 | 16.6 | (1.8) | 0.74 | (0.59–0.93) |
Risk Area | <75 Years | ≥75 Years | All Ages | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
APC | (95% CI) | APC | (95% CI) | APC | (95% CI) | ||||
Men | |||||||||
Near the foundry (<800 m) | −1.9 | (−6.8; +3.3) | −0.1 | (−6.8; +7.1) | −2.2 | (−7.4; +3.4) | |||
Urban | −3.2 * | (−4.9; −1.5) | −1.2 | (−3.7; +1.3) | −2.6 * | (−3.9; −1.3) | |||
Outlying | −2.8 * | (−5.5; −0.1) | −2.8 | (−7.0; +1.6) | −1.9 | (−4.6; +1.0) | |||
Women | |||||||||
Near the foundry (<800 m) | +6.5 | (−5.3; +19.7) | −6.4 | (−21.8; +12.0) | 0.0 | (−10.9; +12.3) | |||
Urban | +1.9 | (−1.1; +5.0) | +2.5 * | (+0.0; +5.1) | +2.3 * | (+0.1; +4.4) | |||
Outlying | −1.4 | (−6.6; +4.1) | −1.6 | (−8.4; +5.7) | −1.5 | (−6.3; +3.4) |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of interest
References
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Bidoli, E.; Barbone, F.; Collarile, P.; Valent, F.; Zanier, L.; Daris, F.; Gini, A.; Birri, S.; Serraino, D. Residence in Proximity of an Iron Foundry and Risk of Lung Cancer in the Municipality of Trieste, Italy, 1995–2009. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 9025-9035. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120809025
Bidoli E, Barbone F, Collarile P, Valent F, Zanier L, Daris F, Gini A, Birri S, Serraino D. Residence in Proximity of an Iron Foundry and Risk of Lung Cancer in the Municipality of Trieste, Italy, 1995–2009. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(8):9025-9035. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120809025
Chicago/Turabian StyleBidoli, Ettore, Fabio Barbone, Paolo Collarile, Francesca Valent, Loris Zanier, Fulvio Daris, Andrea Gini, Silvia Birri, and Diego Serraino. 2015. "Residence in Proximity of an Iron Foundry and Risk of Lung Cancer in the Municipality of Trieste, Italy, 1995–2009" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 8: 9025-9035. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120809025