Longitudinal Effects of Physical Inactivity and Obesity on Gait Speed in Older Adults with Frequent Knee Pain: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Setting
2.3. Participants
2.4. Measurements
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Characteristics, N (%) | ALL N = 1788 | High Physical Activity and Non-obese N = 537 | Low Physical Activity and Non-obese N = 507 | High Physical Activity and Obese N = 340 | Low Physical Activity and Obese N = 404 | p Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Females | 1,034 (57.83) | 283 (27.37) | 294(28.43) | 188 (18.18) | 269 (26.02) | 0.0002 | ||||
White or Caucasian | 1,254 (70.13) | 436 (34.77) | 383 (30.54) | 213 (16.99) | 222 (17.70) | <0.0001 | ||||
High school graduates or less | 474 (57.18) | 161 (33.97) | 138 (29.11) | 91 (19.20) | 84 (17.72) | <0.0001 | ||||
Married | 1,110 (62.08) | 360 (32.43) | 321 (28.92) | 205 (18.47) | 224 (20.18) | 0.003 | ||||
Annual income (<$50,000) | 732 (40.94) | 179 (24.45) | 206 (28.14) | 120 (16.39) | 227 (31.01) | <0.0001 | ||||
Depressive symptoms (yes) | 245 (13.70) | 37 (15.10) | 88 (35.92) | 49 (20.00) | 71 (28.98) | <0.0001 | ||||
Characteristics, mean ± SD | ||||||||||
Age (yrs) | 60.2 ± 8.7 | 58.9 ± 8.8 | 63.6 ± 9.4 | 56.5 ± 7.5 | 61.6 ± 8.9 | <0.0001 | ||||
Comorbidity | 0.47 ± 0.9 | 0.31± 0.8 | 0.44 ± 0.8 | 0.45 ± 0.8 | 0.70 ± 1.2 | <0.0001 | ||||
Gait Speed (meter/second) | 1.27 ± 0.2 | 1.38 ± 0.2 | 1.27 ± 0.2 | 1.28 ± 0.2 | 1.17 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 | ||||
BMI (kilogram/ meter square) | 30.0 ± 2.9 | 25.9 ± 2.5 | 26.0 ± 2.7 | 33.9 ± 3.2 | 34.0 ± 3.5 | <0.0001 | ||||
Physical Composite Scale (PCS) | 45.4 ± 9.7 | 49.6 ± 8.4 | 45.5 ± 10.0 | 45.4 ± 9.2 | 41.0 ± 11.2 | <0.0001 | ||||
Mental Composite Scale (MCS) | 52.7 ± 9.1 | 53.8 ± 7.6 | 52.3 ± 10.0 | 52.2 ± 8.9 | 52.6 ± 10.1 | 0.021 | ||||
Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) | 161.0 ± 49.2 | 227.8 ± 59.5 | 97.0 ± 35.2 | 232.9 ± 65.0 | 86.6 ± 37.1 | <0.0001 |
Predictor Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | |
Intercept | 1.37 * | 0.0080 | 1.91 * | 0.033 | 1.49 * | 0.039 |
Time | −0.00025 | 0.0008 | −0.0008 | 0.0008 | −0.0014 | 0.0008 |
Low physical activity vs. high physical activity | −0.089 * | 0.011 | −0.038 ** | 0.010 | −0.035 ** | 0.009 |
Obese vs. non-obese | −0.14 * | 0.010 | −0.097 * | 0.0095 | −0.078 * | 0.009 |
High physical activity and non-obese by time | ||||||
Low physical activity | −0.0010 | 0.0012 | −0.0012 | 0.0011 | −0.0003 | 0.0011 |
Obese | −0.00076 | 0.0010 | −0.0008 | 0.0010 | −0.0002 | 0.0010 |
Predictor variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | ||
Four groups based on high or low PA levels and obesity status | |||||||
Intercept | 1.37 * | 0.0080 | 1.89 * | 0.033 | 1.48 * | 0.038 | |
Time | −0.0003 | 0.0008 | −0.0007 | 0.0008 | −0.0014 | 0.0008 | |
1. High physical activity and non-obese | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
2. Low physical activity and non-obese | −0.089 * | 0.011 | −0.039 ** | 0.0099 | −0.037 ** | 0.0099 | |
3. High physical activity and obese | −0.093 * | 0.012 | −0.078 * | 0.011 | −0.061 * | 0.011 | |
4. Low physical activity and obese | −0.18 * | 0.012 | −0.11 * | 0.011 | −0.095 * | 0.011 | |
Four groups by time | |||||||
1. High physical activity and non-obese | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
2. Low physical activity and non-obese | −0.001 | 0.0012 | −0.0012 | −0.001 | 0.0012 | −0.0012 | |
3. High physical activity and obese | −0.0028 | 0.0013 | −0.00026 | −0.0028 | 0.0013 | −0.00026 | |
4. Low physical activity and obese | −0.0016 | 0.0012 | −0.0012 | −0.0016 | 0.0012 | −0.0012 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bindawas, S.M.; Vennu, V. Longitudinal Effects of Physical Inactivity and Obesity on Gait Speed in Older Adults with Frequent Knee Pain: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 1849-1863. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120201849
Bindawas SM, Vennu V. Longitudinal Effects of Physical Inactivity and Obesity on Gait Speed in Older Adults with Frequent Knee Pain: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(2):1849-1863. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120201849
Chicago/Turabian StyleBindawas, Saad M., and Vishal Vennu. 2015. "Longitudinal Effects of Physical Inactivity and Obesity on Gait Speed in Older Adults with Frequent Knee Pain: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 2: 1849-1863. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120201849