The Associations of Job Stress and Organizational Identification with Job Satisfaction among Chinese Police Officers: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sample
2.2. Measurement of Job Satisfaction
2.3. Measurement of Job Stress
2.4. Measurement of Organizational Identification
2.5. Measurement of PsyCap
2.6. Demographic Characteristics
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics
Variables | N (%) | Intrinsic Job Satisfaction | Extrinsic Job Satisfaction | Overall Job Satisfaction |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
Age (years) | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 | |
≤34 | 768 (34.50) | 39.91 (9.58) | 20.18 (5.01) | 66.96 (15.82) |
35–44 | 937 (42.09) | 38.69 (7.75) | 19.48 (4.26) | 64.88 (13.07) |
≥45 | 521 (23.41) | 41.11 (8.54) | 19.95 (4.63) | 67.85 (14.29) |
Gender | p < 0.01 | p > 0.05 | p < 0.05 | |
Male | 1882 (84.55) | 39.43 (8.63) | 19.76 (4.59) | 65.98 (14.32) |
Female | 344 (15.45) | 41.01 (8.68) | 20.22 (4.80) | 68.00 (14.73) |
Marital status | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 | |
Single | 292 (13.12) | 40.43 (9.37) | 20.75 (4.92) | 68.08 (15.39) |
Married/Cohabitation | 1848 (83.02) | 39.38 (8.50) | 19.62 (4.56) | 65.75 (14.19) |
Divorced/ Separated/Widowed | 86 (3.86) | 43.55 (8.33) | 21.35 (4.51) | 72.01 (14.40) |
Educational level | p > 0.05 | p < 0.01 | p > 0.05 | |
High school or under | 105 (4.72) | 39.79 (4.53) | 21.37 (2.46) | 68.78 (7.44) |
Junior College | 616 (27.67) | 40.06 (8.80) | 19.94 (4.66) | 66.80 (14.60) |
Undergraduate or above | 1505 (67.61) | 39.51 (8.81) | 19.68 (4.71) | 65.91 (14.67) |
Years of service in policing | p < 0.05 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.05 | |
≤10 | 737 (33.11) | 39.77 (9.85) | 20.16 (5.16) | 66.80 (16.24) |
11–20 | 867 (38.95) | 39.16 (8.14) | 19.42 (4.37) | 65.22 (13.66) |
≥21 | 622 (27.94) | 40.27 (8.65) | 20.01 (4.26) | 67.20 (12.95) |
3.2. Descriptions of Job Stress, Organizational Identification, PsyCap and Job Satisfaction
Measure | Items | Mean | SD | Cronbach’s Alpha |
---|---|---|---|---|
Job stress | 23 | - | - | - |
Extrinsic effort | 6 | 18.12 | 6.54 | 0.95 |
Reward | 11 | 37.98 | 10.04 | 0.93 |
Overcommitment | 6 | 15.88 | 3.20 | 0.81 |
Organizational identification | 6 | 3.49 | 0.94 | 0.94 |
PsyCap | 24 | 3.98 | 0.85 | 0.96 |
Self-efficacy | 6 | 4.00 | 1.33 | 0.97 |
Hope | 6 | 4.13 | 0.99 | 0.89 |
Resilience | 6 | 3.98 | 0.86 | 0.84 |
Optimism | 6 | 3.83 | 0.70 | 0.90 |
Job satisfaction | 20 | 66.29 | 14.40 | 0.97 |
Intrinsic job satisfaction | 12 | 39.67 | 8.65 | 0.95 |
Extrinsic job satisfaction | 6 | 19.83 | 4.63 | 0.91 |
3.3. Correlations among Job Stress, Organizational Identification, PsyCap and Job Satisfaction
Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Age | |||||||
2. ERR | 0.144 ** | ||||||
3. Overcommitment | 0.058 ** | 0.510 ** | |||||
4. Organizational identification | −0.007 | −0.060 ** | 0.169 ** | ||||
5. PsyCap | −0.068 ** | −0.096 ** | 0.103 ** | 0.555 ** | |||
6. Intrinsic job satisfaction | 0.043 * | −0.194 ** | −0.089 ** | 0.441 ** | 0.545 ** | ||
7. Extrinsic job satisfaction | −0.006 | −0.197 ** | −0.138 ** | 0.374 ** | 0.449 ** | 0.900 ** | |
8. Overall job satisfaction | 0.024 | −0.201 ** | −0.111 ** | 0.426 ** | 0.514 ** | 0.983 ** | 0.959 ** |
3.4. Results of SEM and the Mediating Role of PsyCap
Model | RMSEA | GFI | NFI | CFI |
---|---|---|---|---|
X-M (Step 1) | 0.08 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.95 |
M-Y (Step 2) | 0.08 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
X-Y without M (Step 3) | 0.07 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.97 |
X-Y with M (Step 4) | 0.08 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.95 |
The Proposed Path | Standardized Coefficient (β) |
---|---|
X-M (Step 1) | |
Job stress→PsyCap | −0.027 * |
Organizational identification→PsyCap | 0.585 ** |
Age→PsyCap | −0.066 ** |
Gender→PsyCap | −0.056 ** |
M-Y (Step 2) | |
PsyCap→Job satisfaction | 0.472 ** |
X-Y without M (Step 3) | |
Job stress→Job satisfaction | −0.221 ** |
Organizational identification→Job satisfaction | 0.448 ** |
Age→Job satisfaction | 0.082 ** |
Gender→Job satisfaction | −0.022 |
X-Y with M (Step 4) | |
Job stress→Job satisfaction | −0.181 * |
Organizational identification→Job satisfaction | 0.196 ** |
Age→Job satisfaction | 0.082 ** |
Gender→Job satisfaction | 0.006 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lu, L.; Liu, L.; Sui, G.; Wang, L. The Associations of Job Stress and Organizational Identification with Job Satisfaction among Chinese Police Officers: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 15088-15099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121214973
Lu L, Liu L, Sui G, Wang L. The Associations of Job Stress and Organizational Identification with Job Satisfaction among Chinese Police Officers: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(12):15088-15099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121214973
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu, Lu, Li Liu, Guoyuan Sui, and Lie Wang. 2015. "The Associations of Job Stress and Organizational Identification with Job Satisfaction among Chinese Police Officers: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 12: 15088-15099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121214973