A Comparative Study on the Uptake and Toxicity of Nickel Added in the Form of Different Salts to Maize Seedlings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Design
2.2.1. Pot Experiments
2.2.2. Maize Growth and Biomass Measurement
2.3. Measuring Ni in Soil and Plants
2.4. Determination of Soluble Sugars, Sucrose, and Starch Concentrations in the Leaves
2.5. Determination of Soil pH and EC
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Effects of the Concentrations and Chemical form of Ni on Plant Growth
Test Endpoint | NiCl2 | NiSO4 | Ni(II)-EDTA | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EC10 (mg·kg−1 ) | EC20 (mg·kg−1) | EC50 (mg·kg−1) | EC10 (mg·kg−1) | EC20 (mg·kg−1) | EC50 (mg·kg−1) | EC10 (mg·kg−1) | EC20 (mg·kg−1) | EC50 (mg·kg−1) | |
Plant height | 801.7 (477.5–1349.0) | 929.0 (626.6–1374.0) | 1315.2 (970.5–1778.3) | 1303.2 (1000–1698.2) | 1782.4 (1503.1–2118.4) | 3147.7 (2824.9–3507.5) | 10.9 (3.2–36.7) | 20.3 (6.6–62.5) | 89.1 (45.6–174.2) |
Leaf dry weight | 465.6 (153.6–1363.8) | 751.6 (534.6–1056.8) | 962.2 (655.0–1661.6) | 1177.6 (847.2–1626.8) | 1563.1 (1241.7–1967.9) | 2600.2 (2322.7–2917.4) | 14.9 (9.9–22.4) | 25.5 (17.7–36.9) | 83.8 (66.8–105.2) |
Stem dry weight | 665.3 (335.7–1321.3) | 755.1 (396.3–1438.8) | 1153.5 (564.9–2349.6) | 1000.0 (309.7–3235.9) | 1566.8 (743.0–3296.1) | 3597.5 (2094.1–6180.2) | 33.3 (20.0–103.3) | 56.8 (21.9–146.6) | 170.2 (96.3–300.6) |
Parameter | Control | NiSO4·6H2O | Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O | Ni( II )-citrate | NiCl2·6H2O | Ni(II)-EDTA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ni in soil (mg kg−1) | 23.1 ± 0.7 b | 515.3 ± 10.3 a | 524.7 ± 5.5 a | 525.3 ± 5.2 a | 519.7 ± 4.6 a | 530.0 ± 14.4 a |
Ni in maize root (mg kg−1) | 9.8 ± 0.7 d | 1548.3 ± 65.8 b | 825.7 ± 22.5 c | 1314.3 ± 52.1 b | 1521.0 ± 29.5 b | 2205.0 ± 26.1 a |
Ni in maize stem (mg kg−1) | 0.9 ± 0.1 b | 32.4 ± 1.9 b | 16.3 ± 0.4 b | 25.3 ± 1.1 b | 32.4 ± 1.9 b | 1703.5 ± 62.5 a |
Ni in maize leaf (mg kg−1) | 1.1 ± 0.2 b | 36.9 ± 1.3 b | 11.5 ± 0.5 b | 23.6 ± 1.5 b | 33.0 ± 2.4 b | 824.5 ± 36.4 a |
3.2. Accumulation of Ni in Plants
3.3. Soluble Sugars, Sucrose, and Starch in Leaves
Parameter | Control | NiSO4·6H2O | Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O | Ni(II)-Citrate | NiCl2·6H2O |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaf soluble sugar (mg·g−1) | 75.2 ± 3.4 a | 66.0 ± 3.7 ab | 66.7 ± 4.7 ab | 62.1 ± 2.6 b | 61.4 ± 1.8 b |
Leaf sucrose (mg·g−1) | 9.4 ± 1.3 a | 14.1 ± 5.9 a | 9.0 ± 2.3 a | 6.8 ± 0.9 a | 11.1 ± 2.2 a |
Leaf starch (mg·g−1) | 60.6 ± 11.0 a | 75.9 ± 8.5 a | 75.5 ± 10.4 a | 70.1 ± 9.6 a | 74.6 ± 4.7 a |
3.4. Soil pH and EC
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nie, J.; Pan, Y.; Shi, J.; Guo, Y.; Yan, Z.; Duan, X.; Xu, M. A Comparative Study on the Uptake and Toxicity of Nickel Added in the Form of Different Salts to Maize Seedlings. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 15075-15087. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121214972
Nie J, Pan Y, Shi J, Guo Y, Yan Z, Duan X, Xu M. A Comparative Study on the Uptake and Toxicity of Nickel Added in the Form of Different Salts to Maize Seedlings. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(12):15075-15087. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121214972
Chicago/Turabian StyleNie, Jing, Yuqiang Pan, Jing Shi, Yan Guo, Zengguang Yan, Xiaoli Duan, and Meng Xu. 2015. "A Comparative Study on the Uptake and Toxicity of Nickel Added in the Form of Different Salts to Maize Seedlings" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 12: 15075-15087. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121214972