Associations between Carotid Artery Plaque Score, Carotid Hemodynamics and Coronary Heart Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Patient Population and Selection
2.2. Carotid Ultrasonography
2.3. Coronary Angiography
3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Demographic Characteristics and Clinical Parameters between CHD and Non-CHD Groups
Characteristics | CHD (n = 321) | Non-CHD (n = 155) | x2/t | P-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||||
Age(years) | 45–59 years | 57 (18.51%) | 37 (25.69%) | 4.88 | 0.027 | |
60–74 years | 172 (55.84%) | 81 (56.25%) | ||||
75–89 years | 79 (25.65%) | 26 (18.06%) | ||||
Sex | male | 180 (57.14%) | 62 (41.89%) | 9.38 | 0.002 | |
female | 135 (42.86%) | 86 (58.11%) | ||||
BMI | 19.64 ± 3.00 | 20.11 ± 2.87 | 1.12 | 0.266 | ||
Register | rural | 194 (61.59%) | 87 (58.78%) | 0.33 | 0.490 | |
urban | 121 (38.41%) | 61 (41.22%) | ||||
Education | under middle school | 214 (67.94%) | 98 (66.22%) | 0.14 | 0.712 | |
middle school | 62 (19.68%) | 31 (20.95%) | ||||
beyond middle school | 39 (12.38%) | 19 (12.84%) | ||||
Smoking | Yes | 46 (31.08%) | 14 (19.44%) | 2.02 | 0.069 | |
Hypertension | Yes | 107 (72.30%) | 48 (66.67%) | 0.74 | 0.390 | |
Hyperlipidemia | Yes | 15 (10.14%) | 4 (5.56%) | 2.88 | 0.237 | |
DM | Yes | 33 (22.30%) | 24 (33.33%) | 3.07 | 0.080 | |
TC | 4.05 ± 0.92 | 4.19 ± 0.92 | 1.03 | 0.304 | ||
TG | 1.46 ± 0.85 | 1.22 ± 0.56 | 1.12 | 0.264 | ||
LDL | 2.41 ± 3.00 | 2.42 ± 0.66 | 0.05 | 0.970 | ||
Apo a | 1.44 ± 0.21 | 1.22 ± 0.21 | −0.51 | 0.614 | ||
Apo b | 1.01 ± 0.24 | 0.84 ± 0.22 | −0.5 | 0.612 | ||
Hcy | 14.78 ± 11.58 | 12.74 ± 5.72 | −1.25 | 0.199 | ||
Ultrasound Parameters | ||||||
IMT (mm) | CCA | 0.94 ± 0.14 | 0.89 ± 0.20 | −1.05 | 0.326 | |
ICA | 0.83 ± 0.31 | 0.77 ± 0.16 | −2.14 | 0.033 | ||
CAB | 1.65 ± 0.82 | 1.31 ± 0.60 | −3.83 | 0.000 | ||
PS | 2.79 ± 2.37 | 1.57 ± 2.46 | −4.93 | 0.000 | ||
Peak systolic velocity (PSV) | CCA | left | 65.28 ± 18.98 | 64.63 ± 18.20 | −0.38 | 0.701 |
right | 63.14 ± 18.98 | 65.23 ± 18.20 | 1.40 | 0.250 | ||
ICA | left | 52.17 ± 16.00 | 51.06 ± 14.92 | −0.49 | 0.644 | |
right | 53.64 ± 18.98 | 49.93 ± 18.20 | −2.08 | 0.017 | ||
End diastolic velocity (EDV) | CCA | left | 17.55 ± 6.08 | 18.43 ± 6.98 | 2.40 | 0.464 |
right | 16.84 ± 18.98 | 17.77 ± 18.20 | 1.40 | 0.159 | ||
ICA | left | 19.69 ± 6.44 | 19.12 ± 7.02 | −0.60 | 0.553 | |
right | 19.28 ± 18.98 | 18.63 ± 18.20 | −1.07 | 0.227 | ||
Resistance index (RI) | CCA | left | 0.73 ± 0.06 | 0.71 ± 0.06 | −2.57 | 0.010 |
right | 0.73 ± 0.06 | 0.71 ± 0.06 | −2.16 | 0.032 | ||
ICA | left | 0.62 ± 0.07 | 0.61 ± 0.06 | −1.12 | 0.263 | |
right | 0.64 ± 0.07 | 0.61 ± 0.06 | 2.40 | 0.001 |
4.2. Multiple Logistic Analysis for CHD
Factors | β | B | S.E. | χ2 | P-Value | OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 0.04 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 5.81 | 0.02 | 1.104 (1.008, 1.078) |
PSV of right ICA | 0.02 | 0.21 | 0.01 | 4.28 | 0.04 | 1.021 (1.001, 1.041) |
PS | 0.47 | 0.57 | 0.11 | 17.99 | <0.01 | 1.566 (1.273, 1.926) |
4.3. ROC Prediction Curve of Each Index of CHD
Index | AUC | S.E | P-Value | 95% CI | Sensitivity | Specificity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PS | 0.740 | 0.034 | 0.000 | 0.673–0.807 | 0.613 | 0.831 |
PS + PSV of right ICA | 0.762 | 0.033 | 0.0000 | 0.697–0.828 | 0.754 | 0.620 |
PS + PSV of right ICA + Age | 0.778 | 0.030 | 0.000 | 0.719–0.847 | 0.782 | 0.648 |
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhang, H.; Liu, M.; Ren, T.; Wang, X.; Liu, D.; Xu, M.; Han, L.; Wu, Z.; Li, H.; Zhu, Y.; et al. Associations between Carotid Artery Plaque Score, Carotid Hemodynamics and Coronary Heart Disease. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 14275-14284. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121114275
Zhang H, Liu M, Ren T, Wang X, Liu D, Xu M, Han L, Wu Z, Li H, Zhu Y, et al. Associations between Carotid Artery Plaque Score, Carotid Hemodynamics and Coronary Heart Disease. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(11):14275-14284. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121114275
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Huiping, Mengxue Liu, Tiantian Ren, Xiangqian Wang, Dandan Liu, Mingliang Xu, LingFei Han, Zewei Wu, Haibo Li, Yu Zhu, and et al. 2015. "Associations between Carotid Artery Plaque Score, Carotid Hemodynamics and Coronary Heart Disease" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 11: 14275-14284. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121114275