Higher Household Income and the Availability of Electronic Devices and Transport at Home Are Associated with Higher Waist Circumference in Colombian Children: The ACFIES Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Sample Size
2.3. Exposures of Interest: Household Income, Electronic Devices and Transport
2.4. Outcome of Interest: Waist Circumference
2.5. Other Covariates
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Results
Total (n = 668) | Girls (n = 317) | Boys (n = 351) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) a | 11.52 ± 1.13 | 11.52 ± 1.10 | 11.51 ± 1.16 |
Anthropometric measures a | |||
Weight (kg) | 40.08 ± 10.07 | 40.33 ± 9.77 | 39.86 ± 10.35 |
Height (m) | 1.45 ± 0.09 | 1.45 ± 0.08 | 1.44 ± 0.09 b |
BMI (kg/m2) | 18.87 ± 3.61 | 18.81 ± 3.52 | 18.93 ± 3.68 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 65.95 ± 9.73 | 64.86 ± 9.02 | 66.92 ± 10.24 b |
Tanner stage (n-%) | |||
1 | 368 (55.1) | 149 (47.0) | 219 (62.4) c |
2 | 207 (30.9) | 109 (34.4) | 98 (27.9) |
3 | 78 (11.7) | 53 (16.7) | 25 (7.1) |
Household Income a | 559.6 (444.02) | 521.8 (363.01) | 593.2 (387.3) b |
Devices (n-%) | |||
Refrigerator at home | 602 (93.2) | 281 (93.1) | 322 (93.3) |
TV at home | 639 (98.5) | 295 (97.4) | 344 (99.4) |
Computer at home | 360 (55.8) | 159 (52.8) | 201 (58.4) |
Transport at home | 305 (48.8) | 131 (44.9) | 174 (52.4) |
Total (n = 626) | Middle Income (n = 194) | Low-Middle Income (n = 297) | Low Income (n = 135) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Refrigerator at home a | 573 (93.0%) | 188 (97.9%) | 271 (93.1%) | 114 (85.7%) |
TV at home b | 608 (98.5%) | 192 (100%) | 286 (98.3%) | 130 (97.0%) |
Computer at home a | 343 (55.8%) | 139 (72.4%) | 161 (55.5%) | 43 (32.3%) |
Transport at home a | 291 (48.8%) | 117 (62.2%) | 132 (47.5%) | 42 (32.3%) |
Variable | Coef. | Std. Err. | 95% CI | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Household Income | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.0005–0.004 | 0.011 |
Devices | 1.726 | 0.773 | 0.206–3.246 | 0.026 |
3.2. Discussion
3.3. Study Limitations
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gómez-Arbeláez, D.; Camacho, P.A.; Cohen, D.D.; Rincón-Romero, K.; Alvarado-Jurado, L.; Pinzón, S.; Duperly, J.; López-Jaramillo, P. Higher Household Income and the Availability of Electronic Devices and Transport at Home Are Associated with Higher Waist Circumference in Colombian Children: The ACFIES Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 1834-1843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110201834
Gómez-Arbeláez D, Camacho PA, Cohen DD, Rincón-Romero K, Alvarado-Jurado L, Pinzón S, Duperly J, López-Jaramillo P. Higher Household Income and the Availability of Electronic Devices and Transport at Home Are Associated with Higher Waist Circumference in Colombian Children: The ACFIES Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(2):1834-1843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110201834
Chicago/Turabian StyleGómez-Arbeláez, Diego, Paul A. Camacho, Daniel D. Cohen, Katherine Rincón-Romero, Laura Alvarado-Jurado, Sandra Pinzón, John Duperly, and Patricio López-Jaramillo. 2014. "Higher Household Income and the Availability of Electronic Devices and Transport at Home Are Associated with Higher Waist Circumference in Colombian Children: The ACFIES Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 2: 1834-1843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110201834