How Has the Availability of Snus Influenced Cigarette Smoking in Norway?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Overall Tobacco Consumption
2.2. Use of Snus in Quit-Smoking Attempts
2.3. Quit Ratio for Smoking
Survey | Year | Number of Ever-Smokers | Age Group | Daily Snus User | Never Used Snus | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Males | ||||||
1 | 2003–2008 | 3604 | 16–74 | 80.4 (74.9–85.9) | 51.9 (50.1–53.7) | < 0.001 |
2 | 2007 | 423 | 16–20 | 54.8 (45.2–64.9) | 22.9 (17.4–28.4) | < 0.001 |
3 | 2006 | 458 | 19–30 | 81.1 (68.5–93.7) | 62.7 (56.9–68.4) | 0.010 |
4 | 2007 | 2016 | 15–91 | 61.6 (53.5–69.7) | 52.5 (50.2–54.8) | 0.035 |
5 | 2006 | 729 | 21–30 | 75.4 (65.2–85.6) | 44.9 (40.2–49.6) | < 0.001 |
6 | 2006 | 639 | 21–30 | 89.7 (81.9–97.5) | 50.0 (45.1–54.9) | < 0.001 |
7 | 2007 | 2572 | 20–50 | 72.7 (81.9–97.5) | 43.3 (40.6–46.0) | < 0.001 |
8 | 2009–2013 | 1543 | 15–74 | 80.8 (75.4–86.2) | 55.7 (52.9–58.5) | < 0.001 |
9 | 2009–2013 | 2777 | 15–80 | 74,6 (69.8–79.4) | 65.5 (63.6–67.5) | < 0.001 |
Total | -- | 14,761 | Weighted mean | 74.8 (72.8–76.8) | 52.3 (51.4–53.2) | < 0.001 |
Females | ||||||
8 | 2009–13 | 1472 | 15–74 | 85.7 (75.0–95.2) | 52.0 (49.4–54.6) | < 0.001 |
9 | 2009–13 | 3036 | 15–80 | 74.8 (65.8–83.8) | 61.6 (59.8–63.4) | < 0.001 |
Total | -- | 4508 | Weighted mean | 78.4 (71.5–85.3) | 56.1 (54.6–57.6) | < 0.001 |
2.4. Smoking Initiation
3. Results
4. Discussion
Transfer Value to E-Cigarettes
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author contributions
Conflicts of interest
References
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Lund, I.; Lund, K.E. How Has the Availability of Snus Influenced Cigarette Smoking in Norway? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 11705-11717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111705
Lund I, Lund KE. How Has the Availability of Snus Influenced Cigarette Smoking in Norway? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(11):11705-11717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111705
Chicago/Turabian StyleLund, Ingeborg, and Karl Erik Lund. 2014. "How Has the Availability of Snus Influenced Cigarette Smoking in Norway?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 11: 11705-11717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111705