Comparison of Select Analytes in Exhaled Aerosol from E-Cigarettes with Exhaled Smoke from a Conventional Cigarette and Exhaled Breaths
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Design
Analyte Class | Analyte |
---|---|
Major Components | Water |
Glycerin | |
Nicotine | |
Phenolics | Hydroquinone |
Resorcinol | |
Catechol | |
Phenol | |
m,p-Cresol | |
o-Cresol | |
Carbonyls | Formaldehyde |
Acetaldehyde | |
Acetone | |
Acrolein | |
Propionaldehyde | |
Crotonaldehyde | |
Methylethylketone | |
Butyraldehyde |
2.3. Exhaled Collection Method Summary
2.3.1. Exhaled Breath Blank Collections
2.3.2. Carbonyl Room Air Blank Collections
2.3.3. Analytical Method Capabilities Summary
Analyte | LOD | LOQ | Accuracy (%) | Precision (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Major Components | Nicotine | 0.69 | 4.86 | 108 | 2 |
Glycerin | 0.0059 | 1.51 | 101 | 2 | |
Water | ND | 31 | 99 | 0 | |
Phenolics | Hydroquinone | 0.37 | 2.00 | 113 | 2 |
Resorcinol | 0.06 | 0.40 | 109 | 2 | |
Catechol | 0.47 | 2.00 | 114 | 2 | |
Phenol | 0.09 | 0.32 | 108 | 2 | |
m,p-Cresol | 0.60 | 4.00 | 110 | 2 | |
o-Cresol | 0.16 | 1.00 | 113 | 1 | |
Carbonyls | Formaldehyde | 0.10 | 12.45 | 97 | 0 |
Acetaldehyde | 0.39 | 5.20 | 96 | 1 | |
Acetone | 0.61 | 13.64 | 96 | 3 | |
Acrolein | 0.13 | 12.34 | 97 | 0 | |
Propionaldehyde | 0.21 | 1.89 | 98 | 2 | |
Crotonaldehyde | 0.21 | 2.17 | 95 | 1 | |
Methylethylketone | 0.24 | 2.06 | 97 | 2 | |
Butyraldehyde | 0.18 | 5.30 | 95 | 1 |
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Exhaled Aerosol Mass Balance Distribution of Water, Glycerin and Nicotine
3.2. Exhaled Phenolics and Carbonyls
MGB | Blu CTD | Blu MMD | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subject | Acetaldehyde | Hydroquinone | Subject | Acetaldehyde | Hydroquinone | Subject | Acetaldehyde | Hydroquinone |
1 | 227.6 | 70.6 | 11 | <LOQ | <LOD | 21 | 16.7 | <LOD |
186.0 | 60.0 | <LOQ | <LOD | 35.3 | <LOD | |||
221.0 | 69.1 | <LOQ | <LOD | 38.9 | <LOD | |||
2 | 134.7 | 41.3 | 12 | <LOQ | <LOD | 22 | <LOQ | <LOD |
129.8 | 33.2 | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | |||
107.7 | 31.9 | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | |||
3 | 131.2 | 32.2 | 13 | <LOQ | <LOD | 23 | <LOQ | <LOD |
169.0 | 47.4 | 86.4 | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | |||
128.1 | 52.5 | 44.2 | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | |||
4 | 115.6 | 48.5 | 14 | <LOQ | <LOD | 24 | 5.4 | <LOD |
119.3 | 47.3 | <LOQ | <LOD | 7.2 | <LOD | |||
124.1 | 42.5 | <LOQ | <LOD | 9.9 | <LOD | |||
5 | 195.4 | 18.4 | 15 | <LOQ | <LOD | 25 | <LOQ | <LOD |
122.0 | 13.3 | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | |||
196.3 | 20.0 | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | |||
6 | 208.0 | 99.5 | 16 | <LOQ | <LOD | 26 | <LOQ | <LOD |
116.9 | 103.5 | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | |||
116.0 | 83.9 | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | |||
7 | <LOQ | 22.8 | 17 | <LOQ | <LOD | 27 | <LOQ | <LOD |
88.1 | 8.79 | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | |||
48.1 | 25.9 | <LOQ | <LOD | 6.2 | <LOD | |||
8 | 380.2 | 29.1 | 18 | <LOD | <LOD | 28 | <LOQ | <LOD |
193.7 | 37.7 | 24.2 | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | |||
189.7 | 30.9 | <LOQ | <LOD | 7.1 | <LOD | |||
9 | 285.2 | 73.0 | 19 | <LOQ | <LOD | 29 | 6.5 | <LOD |
126.6 | 26.8 | <LOQ | <LOD | 8.9 | <LOD | |||
104.6 | 81.6 | <LOQ | <LOD | 7.6 | <LOD | |||
10 | 217.6 | 43.0 | 20 | 6.9 | <LOD | 30 | <LOQ | <LOD |
162.7 | 46.2 | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | |||
114.1 | 64.0 | <LOQ | <LOQ | 5.4 | <LOD | |||
Avg * | 156.7 | 46.8 | <9.73 * | <0.421 * | <8.29 * | <0.367 * | ||
SD | 68.8 | 24.7 | 16.5 | 0.3 | 8.2 | 0.0 | ||
LOQ | 41.6 | 2.00 | 5.20 | 2.00 | 5.20 | 2.00 | ||
LOD | 0.390 | 0.367 | 0.390 | 0.367 | 0.390 | 0.367 |
Analyte | Blu CTD | Blu MMD | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aerosol | Breaths | Air | Aerosol | Breaths | Air | ||
Hydroquinone | Mean | <0.421 * | <0.367 * | ND | <0.367 * | <0.367 * | ND |
SD | 0.3 | 0.0 | ND | 0.0 | 0.0 | ND | |
Acetaldehyde | Mean | <9.73 * | <9.58 * | <3.60 * | <8.29 * | <5.20 * | <5.20 * |
SD | 16.5 | 16.0 | 2.3 | 8.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Files
Supplementary File 1Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Long, G.A. Comparison of Select Analytes in Exhaled Aerosol from E-Cigarettes with Exhaled Smoke from a Conventional Cigarette and Exhaled Breaths. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 11177-11191. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111177
Long GA. Comparison of Select Analytes in Exhaled Aerosol from E-Cigarettes with Exhaled Smoke from a Conventional Cigarette and Exhaled Breaths. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(11):11177-11191. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111177
Chicago/Turabian StyleLong, Gerald A. 2014. "Comparison of Select Analytes in Exhaled Aerosol from E-Cigarettes with Exhaled Smoke from a Conventional Cigarette and Exhaled Breaths" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 11: 11177-11191. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111177