Respiratory Disease Related Mortality and Morbidity on an Island of Greece Exposed to Perlite and Bentonite Mining Dust
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Study Area Location and Exposure
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Questionnaire
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Results
3.1.1. Mortality
3.1.2. Morbidity
Disease | Total Deaths | Accute respiratory infections | Pneumonia | Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and extrinsic allergic alevolitis | Pneumonoconioses | Other diseases of the respiratory system | Cancer of Lung, trachea and bronchus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICD9 range | 460–462, 465 | 480–486 | 495, 496 | 500–508 | 488, 510, 512–519 | 162 | |
Total | |||||||
SMR (CI) | 90.61 (83.00–98.73) | 66.03 (30.19–125.35) | 128.31 (41.66–299.43) | 159.80 (87.36–268.11) | 70.25 (1.78–391.40) | 65.52 (28.29–129.10) | 79.79 (51.63–117.78) |
Observed deaths | 521 | 9 | 5 | 14 | 1 | 8 | 25 |
Expected deaths | 574.98 | 13.63 | 3.90 | 8.76 | 1.42 | 12.21 | 31.33 |
p-value | 0.0239 | 0.2562 | 0.7020 | 0.1249 | 1.0000 | 0.2834 | 0.2954 |
Trend test (p-value) | 0.9706 | 0.8375 | 0.4737 | 0.6626 | 0.2032 | 0.9739 | |
SMR 1999–2002 (CI) | 89.07 (76.91–102.59) | 35.94 (0.91–200.27) | 139.21 (16.86–502.87) | 202.19 (74.20–440.09) | 0.00 (0.00–1578.18) | 106.09 (38.93–230.92) | 102.36 (51.10–183.15) |
Obs. deaths 1999–2002 | 192 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 11 |
SMR 2003–2006 (CI) | 91.74 (79.12–105.79) | 79.22 (21.58–202.84) | 173.88 (35.86–508.15) | 173.82 (56.44–405.63) | 258.76 (6.55–1441.73) | 24.79 (0.63–138.14) | 41.92 (13.61–97.83) |
Obs. deaths 2003–2006 | 189 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
SMR 2007–2009 (CI) | 91.28 (76.78–107.71) | 68.98 (18.79–176.62) | 0.00 (0.00–502.01) | 102.85 (21.21–300.56) | 0.00 (0.00–459.20) | 39.66 (1.00–220.96) | 103.92 (47.52–197.27) |
Obs. deaths 2007–2009 | 140 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 9 |
Male | |||||||
SMR (CI) | 92.00 (81.52–103.45) | 80.61 (29.58–175.46) | 122.12 (25.18–356.89) | 166.58 (83.16–298.06) | 0.00 (0.00–414.78) | 123.96 (49.84–255.40) | 80.75 (49.99–123.44) |
Observed deaths | 279 | 6 | 3 | 11 | 0 | 7 | 21 |
Expected deaths | 303.26 | 7.44 | 2.46 | 6.60 | 0.89 | 5.65 | 26.00 |
p-value | 0.1697 | 0.7720 | 0.8900 | 0.1455 | 0.8200 | 0.6744 | 0.3805 |
Female | |||||||
SMR (CI) | 89.06 (78.20–101.02) | 48.49 (10.00–141.70) | 138.86 (16.82–501.63) | 139.04 (28.67–406.33) | 187.99 (4.76–1047.40) | 15.24 (0.39–84.89) | 75.06 (20.45–192.19) |
Observed deaths | 242 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Expected deaths | 271.72 | 6.19 | 1.44 | 2.16 | 0.53 | 6.56 | 5.33 |
p-value | 0.0726 | 0.2705 | 0.8440 | 0.7318 | 0.8251 | 0.0213 | 0.7695 |
Total | Male | Female | |
---|---|---|---|
SMR (CI) | 142.55 (115.85–173.54) | 150.74 (115.03–194.03) | 131.54 (93.54–179.83) |
Observed deaths | 99 | 60 | 39 |
Expected deaths | 69.45 | 39.80 | 29.65 |
p-value | 0.0010 | 0.0034 | 0.1135 |
Trend test (p-value) | <0.0001 | 0.0056 | 0.0787 |
SMR 1989–1998 (CI) | 211.81 (162.39–271.53) | 199.65 (137.43–280.38) | 227.58 (152.41–326.84) |
Obs. deaths 1989–1999 | 62 | 33 | 29 |
SMR 1999–2009 (CI) | 92.09 (64.84–126.93) | 116.00 (76.45–168.78) | 59.15 (28.37–108.79) |
Obs. deaths 1999–2009 | 37 | 27 | 10 |
3.2. Discussion
Disease | Allergic rhinitis | Pneumonia | Asthma | Bronchiectasis | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD.) | Respiratory failure | Cancer of Lung, trachea and bronchus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICD9 | 477 | 480–486 | 493 | 494 | 496 | 518.81–518.84 | 162 |
Milos% (N = 269) | 5.2 (14) | 5.9 (16) | 9.7 (26) | 0.7 (2) | 4.1 (11) | 0.4 (1) | 0.4 (1) |
Oinofita% (N = 1,811) | 2.3 (41) | 1.0 (19) | 6.4 (115) | 0.1 (1) | 1.9 (35) | 0.4 (8) | 0.3 (5) |
Chi-square test (p-value) | 0.005 | <0.001 | 0.044 | 0.006 | 0.025 | 0.870 | 0.785 |
Fischer’s exact test (p-value) | 0.012 | <0.001 | 0.051 | 0.046 | 0.041 | 1.000 | 0.565 |
OR (CI) | 2.37 (1.27–4.41) | 5.97 (3.03–11.75) | 1.58 (1.01–2.47) | 13.56 (1.23–150.04) | 2.16 (1.09–4.31) | 0.84 (0.11–6.75) | 1.35 (0.16–11.58) |
OR (CI) and p-value controlling for gender, age and smoking (logistic regression) | 2.24 (1.20–4.19) | 5.47 (2.73–10.97) | 1.49 (0.95–2.34) | 12.47 (1.09–143.05) | 2.28 (1.11–4.66) | 0.83 (0.10–6.74) | 1.37 (0.16–11.99) |
0.011 | <0.001 | 0.082 | 0.043 | 0.024 | 0.858 | 0.774 |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampatakakis, S.; Linos, A.; Papadimitriou, E.; Petralias, A.; Dalma, A.; Papasaranti, E.S.; Christoforidou, E.; Stoltidis, M. Respiratory Disease Related Mortality and Morbidity on an Island of Greece Exposed to Perlite and Bentonite Mining Dust. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10, 4982-4995. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10104982
Sampatakakis S, Linos A, Papadimitriou E, Petralias A, Dalma A, Papasaranti ES, Christoforidou E, Stoltidis M. Respiratory Disease Related Mortality and Morbidity on an Island of Greece Exposed to Perlite and Bentonite Mining Dust. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2013; 10(10):4982-4995. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10104982
Chicago/Turabian StyleSampatakakis, Stefanos, Athena Linos, Eleni Papadimitriou, Athanasios Petralias, Archontoula Dalma, Eirini Saranti Papasaranti, Eleni Christoforidou, and Melina Stoltidis. 2013. "Respiratory Disease Related Mortality and Morbidity on an Island of Greece Exposed to Perlite and Bentonite Mining Dust" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10, no. 10: 4982-4995. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10104982