A One-Layer Satellite Surface Energy Balance for Estimating Evapotranspiration Rates and Crop Water Stress Indexes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Description of the modeling approach
2.1. The surface energy balance approach
2.2. The crop water stress index
2.3. The Kc reflectance-based approach
3. Application of the proposed approach
3.1. Experimental site and micrometeorological energy fluxes
3.2. Processing satellite-based data
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Comparing the model estimates of energy flux with micrometeorological measurements
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References and Notes
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Indicators* | Expression | Parameters | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index | [21] | ||
Weighted Difference Vegetation Index | [22] | ||
Leaf Area Index | α*, WDVI∞ | [22] | |
Soil Adjusted vegetation index | SAVI = (ρi − ρr)/(ρi + ρr + 0.5) | [23] | |
Spectrally integrated hemispherical reflectance (albedo) | r = ∑λ wλ · ρλ | wλ | [24] |
Corner coordinates (WGS 84) | X | Y |
---|---|---|
Upper left | 472006 | 4155746 |
Upper right | 508658 | 4155746 |
Lower left | 472006 | 4127050 |
Lower right | 508658 | 4127050 |
Sensor | Pixel size (m) | Band | Band range (μm) | Gain* (W m-2 sr-1 μm-1) | Offset (W m-2 sr-1 μm-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Landsat 5 TM | 30 | 1 | 0.45-0.52 | 0.6023 | -1.50 |
2 | 0.52-0.60 | 1.1749 | -2.80 | ||
3 | 0.63-0.69 | 0.8058 | -1.20 | ||
4 | 0.76-0.90 | 0.8145 | -1.50 | ||
5 | 1.55-1.75 | 0.1087 | -0.37 | ||
120 | 6 | 10.4-12.5 | 0.0551 | 1.20 | |
30 | 7 | 2.08-2.35 | 0.0569 | -0.15 |
Satellite-based indicators | Mean values | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
June 14th | July 22nd | August 17th | September 8th | |||||
M | CV | M | CV | M | CV | M | CV | |
albedo (α) | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.07 |
emissivity (ε) | 0.96 | 0.05 | 0.96 | 0.03 | 0.96 | 0.03 | 0.97 | 0.05 |
Leaf area index (LAI) | 1.68 | 0.17 | 1.79 | 0.21 | 1.55 | 0.15 | 1.38 | 0.15 |
NDVI | 0.50 | 0.07 | 0.55 | 0.09 | 0.60 | 0.08 | 0.45 | 0.06 |
SAVI | 0.23 | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.23 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.07 |
WDVI | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 0.24 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.10 |
Field measurements of LAI | 1.45 | 0.16 | 1.40 | 0.15 | 1.55 | 0.17 | 1.35 | 0.18 |
© 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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Barbagallo, S.; Consoli, S.; Russo, A. A One-Layer Satellite Surface Energy Balance for Estimating Evapotranspiration Rates and Crop Water Stress Indexes. Sensors 2009, 9, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/s90100001
Barbagallo S, Consoli S, Russo A. A One-Layer Satellite Surface Energy Balance for Estimating Evapotranspiration Rates and Crop Water Stress Indexes. Sensors. 2009; 9(1):1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/s90100001
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbagallo, Salvatore, Simona Consoli, and Alfonso Russo. 2009. "A One-Layer Satellite Surface Energy Balance for Estimating Evapotranspiration Rates and Crop Water Stress Indexes" Sensors 9, no. 1: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/s90100001