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• Manea, F
• Pop, A
• Radovan, C
• Malchev, P
• Bebeselea, A
• Burtica, G
• Picken, S
• Schoonman, J
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• Manea, F
• Pop, A
• Radovan, C
• Malchev, P
• Bebeselea, A
• Burtica, G
• Picken, S
• Schoonman, J
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• Manea, F
• Pop, A
• Radovan, C
• Malchev, P
• Bebeselea, A
• Burtica, G
• Picken, S
• Schoonman, J

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Sensors 2008, 8(9), 5806-5819; doi:10.3390/s8095806

Article

Voltammetric Detection of Urea on an Ag-Modified Zeolite-Expanded Graphite-Epoxy Composite Electrode

Florica Manea^1,* , Aniela Pop¹ , Ciprian Radovan² , Plamen Malchev³ , Adriana Bebeselea¹ , Georgeta Burtica¹ , Stephen Picken³  and Joop Schoonman³

¹ “Politehnica” University of Timisoara, P-ta Victoriei, nr.2, 300006, Timisoara, Romania ² West University of Timisoara, Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Str. Pestalozzi nr.16, 300115 Timisoara, Romania ³ Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 23 August 2008; in revised form: 13 September 2008 / Accepted: 18 September 2008 / Published: 22 September 2008

Download PDF Full-Text [454 KB, uploaded 1 October 2008 08:03 CEST]

Abstract: In this paper, a modified expanded graphite composite electrode based on natural zeolitic volcanic tuff modified with silver (EG-Ag-Z-Epoxy) was developed. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed a reasonably fast electron transfer and a good stability of the electrode in 0.1 M NaOH supporting electrolyte. This modified electrode exhibited moderate electrocatalytic effect towards urea oxidation, allowing its determination in aqueous solution. The linear dependence of the current versus urea concentration was reached using square-wave voltammetry in the concentrations range of urea between 0.2 to 1.4 mM, with a relatively low limit of detection of 0.05 mM. A moderate enhancement of electroanalytical sensitivity for the determination of urea at EG-Ag-Z-Epoxy electrode was reached by applying a chemical preconcentration step prior to voltammetric/amperometric quantification.

Keywords: Urea determination; expanded graphite-Ag-zeolite-epoxy composite electrode; electrocatalytic effect

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