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Abstract: Among the complete family of sensors for automotive safety, consumer andindustrial application, speed sensors stand out as one of the most important. Actually, speedsensors have the diversity to be used in a broad range of applications. In today’s automotiveindustry, such sensors are used in the antilock braking system, the traction control systemand the electronic stability program. Also, typical applications are cam and crank shaftposition/speed and wheel and turbo shaft speed measurement. In addition, they are used tocontrol a variety of functions, including fuel injection, ignition timing in engines, and so on.However, some types of speed sensors cannot respond to very low speeds for differentreasons. What is more, the main reason why such sensors are not good at detecting very lowspeeds is that they are more susceptible to noise when the speed of the target is low. In short,they suffer from noise and generally only work at medium to high speeds. This is one of thedrawbacks of the inductive (magnetic reluctance) speed sensors and is the case under study.Furthermore, there are other speed sensors like the differential Hall Effect sensors that arerelatively immune to interference and noise, but they cannot detect static fields. This limitstheir operations to speeds which give a switching frequency greater than a minimumoperating frequency. In short, this research is focused on improving the performance of avariable reluctance speed sensor placed in a car under performance tests by using arecursive least-squares (RLS) lattice algorithm. Such an algorithm is situated in an adaptivenoise canceller and carries out an optimal estimation of the relevant signal coming from thesensor, which is buried in a broad-band noise background where we have little knowledgeof the noise characteristics. The experimental results are satisfactory and show a significantimprovement in the signal-to-noise ratio at the system output.

Abstract: A stable electroactive thin film of poly(caffeic acid) has been deposited on thesurface of a glassy carbon electrode by potentiostatic technique in an aqueous solutioncontaining caffeic acid. The voltammetric behavior of epinephrine (EP) at the poly(caffeicacid) modified glassy carbon electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The poly(caffeicacid) modified electrode exhibited a promotion effect on the oxidation of EP. In a pH 7.4phosphate buffer, the anodic current increased linearly with the concentration of EP in therange from 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ to 3.0 × 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹ and the detection limit for EP was 6.0 × 10⁻⁷mol L⁻¹. The proposed method can be applied to the determination of EP in practicalinjection samples with simplicity, rapidness and accurate results.