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• M. Shamsan Saleh, A
• Mohd Ali, B
• A. Rasid, M
• Ismail, A
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• M. Shamsan Saleh, A
• Mohd Ali, B
• A. Rasid, M
• Ismail, A
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• M. Shamsan Saleh, A
• Mohd Ali, B
• A. Rasid, M
• Ismail, A

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Sensors 2012, 12(8), 11307-11333; doi:10.3390/s120811307

Article

A Self-Optimizing Scheme for Energy Balanced Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Using SensorAnt

Ahmed M. Shamsan Saleh* , Borhanuddin Mohd Ali, Mohd Fadlee A. Rasid and Alyani Ismail

Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 7 June 2012; in revised form: 23 July 2012 / Accepted: 3 August 2012 / Published: 15 August 2012

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)

Download PDF Full-Text [1118 KB, uploaded 15 August 2012 08:53 CEST]

Abstract: Planning of energy-efficient protocols is critical for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) because of the constraints on the sensor nodes’ energy. The routing protocol should be able to provide uniform power dissipation during transmission to the sink node. In this paper, we present a self-optimization scheme for WSNs which is able to utilize and optimize the sensor nodes’ resources, especially the batteries, to achieve balanced energy consumption across all sensor nodes. This method is based on the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) metaheuristic which is adopted to enhance the paths with the best quality function. The assessment of this function depends on multi-criteria metrics such as the minimum residual battery power, hop count and average energy of both route and network. This method also distributes the traffic load of sensor nodes throughout the WSN leading to reduced energy usage, extended network life time and reduced packet loss. Simulation results show that our scheme performs much better than the Energy Efficient Ant-Based Routing (EEABR) in terms of energy consumption, balancing and efficiency.

Keywords: energy balancing; energy consumption; ant colony; battery lifetime; WSNs

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