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• Doria, G
• Conde, J
• Veigas, B
• Giestas, L
• Almeida, C
• Assunção, M
• Rosa, J
• Baptista, P
• [+] on Google Scholar
• Doria, G
• Conde, J
• Veigas, B
• Giestas, L
• Almeida, C
• Assunção, M
• Rosa, J
• Baptista, P
• [+] on PubMed
• Doria, G
• Conde, J
• Veigas, B
• Giestas, L
• Almeida, C
• Assunção, M
• Rosa, J
• Baptista, P

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Sensors 2012, 12(2), 1657-1687; doi:10.3390/s120201657

Review

Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Biosensing Applications

Gonçalo Doria ¹ , João Conde ^1,2 , Bruno Veigas ^1,3 , Leticia Giestas ¹ , Carina Almeida ¹ , Maria Assunção ¹ , João Rosa ^1,4  and Pedro V. Baptista ^1,*

¹ CIGMH, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal ² Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, Edifício I+D, Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain ³ CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal ⁴ REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 20 December 2011; in revised form: 29 January 2012 / Accepted: 2 February 2012 / Published: 7 February 2012

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano-Biosensors)

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Abstract: In the last decade the use of nanomaterials has been having a great impact in biosensing. In particular, the unique properties of noble metal nanoparticles have allowed for the development of new biosensing platforms with enhanced capabilities in the specific detection of bioanalytes. Noble metal nanoparticles show unique physicochemical properties (such as ease of functionalization via simple chemistry and high surface-to-volume ratios) that allied with their unique spectral and optical properties have prompted the development of a plethora of biosensing platforms. Additionally, they also provide an additional or enhanced layer of application for commonly used techniques, such as fluorescence, infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Herein we review the use of noble metal nanoparticles for biosensing strategies—from synthesis and functionalization to integration in molecular diagnostics platforms, with special focus on those that have made their way into the diagnostics laboratory.

Keywords: nanotechnology; noble metal nanoparticles; biosensors; molecular diagnostics; immunoassays; DNA; RNA; nucleic acids; proteins; antibody

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