Clodronate as a Therapeutic Strategy against Osteoarthritis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Patients
2.2. Gene Expression in OA Patients’ CPCs
2.3. Chitosan-Hyaluronic Acid-Clodronate Embedded Nanoparticles
2.4. Gene Expression in the In Vitro OA Model
3. Discussion
4. Patients, Materials and Methods
4.1. Subjects
4.2. VAS, NRS, SF36 Surveys
4.3. Circulating Progenitor Cells (CPCs)
4.4. Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
4.5. Nanoparticles Synthesis
4.6. In Vitro Treatments
4.7. Total RNA Extraction
4.8. Reverse Transcription
4.9. Real Time RT-PCR
4.10. Ct DATA
4.11. ddPCR
4.12. Alcian Blue Staining
4.13. Statistic Analysis
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Basal | Treatment | p | Normal Range |
---|---|---|---|---|
Serum Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.28 ± 0.33 | 9.60 ± 0.40 | NS | 8.41–10.42 mg/dL |
PTH (pg/mL) | 42.00 ± 19.20 | 41.23 ± 21.38 | NS | 10–65 pg/mL |
Vit D (ng/mL) | 31.45 ± 14.40 | 38.89 ± 9.31 | NS | <30 ng/mL insufficiency <20 ng/mL depletion |
CTX (ng/mL) | 0.39 ± 0.19 | 0.25 ± 0.08 | p < 0.05 vs. CTX M0 | 0.1–0.7 ng/mL |
Creatinin (mg/dL) | 0.74 ± 0.12 | 0.77 ± 0.13 | NS | 0.49–1.19 mg/dL |
Urinary Calcium Excretion Rate (mmol/mmol creatinine) | 0.42 ± 0.23 | 0.42 ± 0.22 | NS | <0.57 mmol/mmol creatinin |
VAS M0 | VAS M3 | VAS M6 | NRS M0 | NRS M3 | NRS M6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5.30 (±2.7) | 4.2 (±2.1) p < 0.05 vs. VAS M0 | 3.9 (±2.2) p < 0.01 vs. VAS M0 | 5.7 (±2.2) | 4.9 (±2.0) p = NS | 4.9 (±2.2) p < 0.01 vs. NRS M0 |
ISF MO | ISF M3 | ISF M6 | ISM M0 | ISM M3 | ISM M6 |
36.8 (±12.9) | 39.6 (±8.9) p = NS | 428 (±6.5) p < 0.01 vs. ISF M0 | 43.2 (±4.7) | 45.2 (±6.4) p = NS | 45.6 (±37) p < 0.05 vs. ISM M0 |
Cluster Differentiation | NDs | M0 | M3 | M6 |
---|---|---|---|---|
CD3 | Undetectable level | Undetectable level | Undetectable level | Undetectable level |
CD14 | 0.34 ± 0.05% | 0.4% (±0.02) | 0.34% (±0.4) | 0.37% (±0.05) |
CD19 | Undetectable level | Undetectable level | Undetectable level | Undetectable level |
CD45 | 2.35 ± 0.37% | 1.51% (±0.6) | 2.16% (±0.3) | 1.6% (± 0.8) |
CD34 | Undetectable level | Undetectable level | Undetectable level | Undetectable level |
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Valenti, M.T.; Mottes, M.; Biotti, A.; Perduca, M.; Pisani, A.; Bovi, M.; Deiana, M.; Cheri, S.; Dalle Carbonare, L. Clodronate as a Therapeutic Strategy against Osteoarthritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 2696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18122696
Valenti MT, Mottes M, Biotti A, Perduca M, Pisani A, Bovi M, Deiana M, Cheri S, Dalle Carbonare L. Clodronate as a Therapeutic Strategy against Osteoarthritis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(12):2696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18122696
Chicago/Turabian StyleValenti, Maria Teresa, Monica Mottes, Alessandro Biotti, Massimiliano Perduca, Arianna Pisani, Michele Bovi, Michela Deiana, Samuele Cheri, and Luca Dalle Carbonare. 2017. "Clodronate as a Therapeutic Strategy against Osteoarthritis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 12: 2696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18122696